Secondary hypertension is hypertension with an identifiable cause. It is usually refractory to medical treatment. It is more frequent in young patients (< 30 years old) and older patients (> 65 years old) who first present with hypertension. Summary of…
Hypertensive emergency, also known as symptomatic essential hypertension, is defined as hypertension with organ-specific symptoms. The blood pressure is usually >180/110 mmHg. It is characterised by hypertension (x1) with neurological, cardiac, or renal symptoms. Definition of terms Term Definition Malignant…
Essential hypertension is characterised by 3 abnormal readings and no symptoms of any underlying cause. Essential hypertension is 20 times more common than secondary hypertension. Blood Pressure Cutoffs Blood Pressure Cutoff Population BP > 130/90 (x3) Cutoff for patients with…
Hypertensive heart disease is characterized by concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle and ischaemic changes, in the absence of any other conditions that cause left ventricular hypertrophy, e.g., aortic stenosis or cardiomyopathy.
Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are structural abnormalities of the heart and intrathoracic great vessels that arise during fetal development. CHDs are the most common congenital disorders, and the most common cause of death in children with congenital malformations. They occur…