Pityriasis versicolor Pityriasis versicolor is a superficial fungal infection caused by Malassezia. It is often asymptomatic, except for the hypopigmented/hyperpigmented patches on the skin. Versicolor means “various colors”. Malassezia produces acetic acid which affects melanocyte function. Diagnosis is clinical, but…
Dermatophyte infections are given different names depending on the location of the infection. The diagnosis is clinical. Deep infections (involving the hair and nails) are treated with oral antifungals. Dermatophytosis Area infected Term Common causative organism Foot Tinea pedis (Athletes…
Overview Common fungal skin infections include: Infection Causative organism Dermatophytosis (Tinea) Dermatophytes – Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, Microsporum Candidiasis Candida spp. Pityriasis versicolor Malassezia furfur, Malassezia globosa
Pemphigus Vulgaris Pemphigus Vulgaris is a blistering skin disorder that is common in middle age (40-60 years). It has a high prevalence in the Jewish population. It is a lifelong condition. It often has mucosal involvement (>90%) and can be…
Overview Acne vulgaris (aka ‘acne’) is a very common disorder of the pilosebaceous follicles (oil glands). It results from excess production of sebum, which is related to androgen (testosterone) levels. It is associated with psychological distress (including depression, anxiety, and…
A 14-year-old boy presents with a 3-month history of progressive pain and swelling around his left knee. The pain is dull, constant, and often wakes him at night. His parents report that he has developed a limp and is unable…
A 2-day-old female infant born at 39 weeks via breech vaginal delivery is undergoing her routine newborn exam on day 2 of life. The baby is feeding well, active and has no apparent distress. On examination, she is a healthy…
A 12-year-old boy was brought to the clinic with 1 1-month history of left groin pain and a limp. Q1. What is the difference between pain that radiates into the groin and pain that originates in the groin? Q2. What…
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease characterised by severe symmetrical peripheral joint pain and deformation due to erosive arthritis. It is progressive and drastically reduces quality of life, hence early referral and treatment are important. It is linked…
Subtrochanteric fractures are proximal femur fractures that occur between the lesser trochanter and a point 5cm distal to the lesser trochanter. This region of the femur experiences high compression and tensile forces, has less blood supply, has a dense cortex…