Overview Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is a disorder of the pumping or filling ability of the heart. The most common cause is coronary artery disease (Systolic) and chronic hypertension (diastolic). It is a significant morbidity of myocardial infarction (MI) (watch…
Antihypertensives Antihypertensives consist of vasodilators and diuretics Antihypertensives, their major side effects, and their indications Class Side effects Indications ACEi Hyperkalemia, Cough, Angioedema JNC-8, Old male, African male, CKD ARB Hyperkalemia JNC-8, ACEi intolerance Aldosterone antagonist Hyperkalemia, Gynecomastia CHF Beta…
Overview Hypertension is defined as blood pressure >140-90mmHg on 3 separate readings. The majority of patients with hypertension are asymptomatic so regular screening (q3y) is important. Hypertension has many causes and many complications. Most cases are idiopathic. Lifestyle modification is…
The time is 0830hrs on a Monday morning, at the hospital ICU. Mr M. and I have headed there early, hopeful to catch the morning care routine of a patient with a tracheostomy tube. This is for learning purposes in…
Overview Lung cancer refers to tumors from respiratory epithelium, including bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. Globally, it is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer deaths among both sexes combined. It occurs more in males than in…
Overview Sarcoidosis is a multi-systemic inflammatory disease characterized by non-caseating granulomas. It is of unknown etiology and predominantly affects the lungs and surrounding lymph nodes. Important differential diagnoses for granulomas need to be made when sarcoidosis is suspected, and these…