Differentials for respiratory distress in neonates Classification Differentials Nota bene CNS Intracranial hemorrhage, over sedation, perinatal asphyxia Presents with slow, irregular breathing with apnoeic attacks, poor reflexes, and disturbed consciousness Pulmonary causes Lung Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, congenital pneumonia, pulmonary…
When is the baby ready for feeding? Feeding should ideally be started within 6 hours after birth. If the mother is planning on breastfeeding, the baby should be put to the breast within 30 minutes of birth if possible. Babies…
Risk factors for Birth Injuries Soft-tissue injuries of the head Cephalohematoma Collection of blood between the periosteum and skull bone (thus hematoma is imited by the suture lines. Commonly seen in the occipital bone and 5-20% of infants have an…
Overview The nursery exam is done in the nursery or NICU within 24 hours of birth to identify any abnormalities or anomalies that may impact the infant’s current or future well-being. The presence of one or two isolated anomalies is…
Neonatal Biodata Maternal and Paternal Medical and Genetic History Maternal Obstetric and Antenatal History Antepartum and Intrapartum History Birth and Immediate Neonatal History Presenting Complaints History of Presenting Complaint Jaundice History (OPDEC) Neonatal Milestones Nutrition History Immunisation History Growth and…
Laryngomalacia is caused by an immature, constricted larynx with poor structural support and/or tone. The weak and immature cartilages of the infant collapse on inspiration causing the noisy breathing characteristic of this condition. It is the most common congenital laryngeal…
Choanal atresia is a congenital defect in which the openings that connect the nasal cavity to the nasopharynx (choanae) are occluded, either by soft tissue, bone, or both. (90% bony, 10% membranous and 5% mixed) It is more common in…
Overview Stridor is a high pitched monophonic sound produced by irregular flow of air through a narrowed passage. It points to significant airway obstruction. It can generally be classified as inspiratory, expiratory or biphasic depending on the phase of respiration…
Overview This is making an opening in the anterior wall of the trachea converting it into a stoma on the skin surface. Whenever possible, endotracheal intubation should be attempted first. Tracheostomy can be done under local or general anesthesia. Types…
Congenital Neck Masses Location Typical age Physical exam Treatment Thyroglossal duct cyst Midline School-aged Firm, Non-tender, Elevates with tongue protrusion Surgical excision Branchial cleft cyst Anterior triangle, pre-auricular School-aged Firm, non-tender Surgical excision Cystic hygroma Posterior triangle Infant Diffuse neck…
