Hyperhidrosis refers to sweating excessively, beyond the physiological needs of thermoregulation and emotional stimuli. Classification of hyperhidrosis Classification Features Primary hyperhidrosis Affects specific body regions, e.g., axilla, palms, plantar area, craniofacial area, or inguinal region Secondary hyperhidrosis Generalized sweating (due…
Dermatitis herpetiformis is a chronic, pruritic, autoimmune, blistering skin condition. It is the cutaneous manifestation of coeliac disease. It presents as clusters of small vesicles or papules on the extensor surfaces (elbows, knees, and buttocks). It peaks at 30 –…
Atopic eruption of pregnancy is characterised by pruritus and rash (eruption) during the first and second trimester of pregnancy. It is the most common skin condition of pregnancy. The diagnosis is clinical. It is more common in women with atopy…
Androgenic alopecia is also known as “male-pattern baldness”. Women actually lose hair at about the same rate as men. However, they don’t lose it in a male pattern – but more generally, female pattern hair loss About 25% of women have…
Alopecia areata is an autoimmune, non-scarring, localised hair loss. In normal conditions, hair follicles are immune-privileged sites. This immune privilege is disrupted in alopecia areata, thereby allowing autoreactive T-cells to target hair follicles. Inflammation disrupts normal hair cycling (hair follicles…
Anagen effluvium is a non-scarring hair loss that occurs when the growth phase (anagen) is disrupted. It is reversible, with hair regrowing 3-6 months after the cause is stopped.
Telogen effluvium is a non-scarring hair loss characterised by a greater proportion of hairs that are in telogen. It commonly occurs after periods of stress (childbirth, blood loss, high fevers and major bone fractures). Hair loss is noted during the…
Actinic keratosis is a dysplastic epidermal lesion that is caused by chronic UV radiation exposure. They appear as rough, scaly patches or papules on sun-exposed skin. They are often the precursor to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC).
Cellulitis is defined as a bacterial infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. It is often caused by a break in the skin, which allows bacteria to enter. It commonly affects the legs and face, though it can infect any…
Folliculitis is a common infection that is defined as inflammation of the hair follicles. It can be due to infections (bacterial or fungal), inflammation, or blockage of the pores. Most cases are superficial. Deeper cases of folliculitis are harder to…
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