Newborn Feeding
When is the baby ready for feeding? Feeding should ideally be started within 6 hours after birth. If the mother is planning on breastfeeding, the baby should be put to the breast within 30 minutes of birth if possible. Babies…
Dr Jeffrey Kalei
Author and illustrator for Hyperexcision. Interested in emergency room medicine. I have a passion for medical education and drawing.
Birth Injuries
Risk factors for Birth Injuries Soft-tissue injuries of the head Cephalohematoma Collection of blood between the periosteum and skull bone (thus hematoma is imited by the suture lines. Commonly seen in the occipital bone and 5-20% of infants have an…
Nursery Examination
Overview The nursery exam is done in the nursery or NICU within 24 hours of birth to identify any abnormalities or anomalies that may impact the infant’s current or future well-being. The presence of one or two isolated anomalies is…
Approach to the Newborn
Neonatal Biodata Maternal and Paternal Medical and Genetic History Maternal Obstetric and Antenatal History Antepartum and Intrapartum History Birth and Immediate Neonatal History Presenting Complaints History of Presenting Complaint Jaundice History (OPDEC) Neonatal Milestones Nutrition History Immunisation History Growth and…
Choanal Atresia
Choanal atresia is a congenital defect that is characterized by the occlusion of the openings that connect the nasal cavity to the nasopharynx (choanae). The occlusion can be soft tissue, bone, or both (90% bony, 10% membranous, and 5% mixed). It is…
Laryngeal Cancer
Laryngeal cancer is the second most common head and neck cancer. The most common type is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) It peaks between 40 and 70 years of age. The 5-year survival rate is 65%. Regions of the larynx Site…
Pharyngitis
Pharyngitis is an infection and inflammation of the pharynx. Modified Centor Criteria CENTOR Component C Cough absent E Exudate (pharyngeal) N Nodes (tender, cervical) T Temperature (fever) OR Young OR Old. Ages 3-14 (+1), 15-44 (0), ≥ 45 (-1) Score Likelihood…
Epistaxis
Epistaxis is bleeding from inside the nose. It is a common ENT emergency, affecting all age groups. Almost 90% of the population will have an episode of epistaxis. Plexuses involved in epistaxis Plexus Description Kiesselbach’s plexus Formed by 4 vessels (anterior…
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Nasopharyngeal cancer is a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) that commonly arises in the fossa of Rosenmuller. It is strongly associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (especially in endemic regions). It is the second most common head and neck cancer…
Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections
Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI) are a rapidly progressive infection resulting in extensive necrosis of soft-tissue structures. It can develop into a life-threatening condition WITHIN HOURS (rapid onset and fulminant course) NSTI leads to severe systemic morbidity and mortality if…