Presenting Complaints Physical Examination Is the patient in obvious respiratory distress? Is there cyanosis? Is there wasting? Does the patient use pursed lips when breathing? Is the patient on oxygen/nebulizer/inhaler/drip? Does the patient have pallor/cyanosis? General Inspection Look for a…
Presenting complaints Physical Examination Introduce yourself, obtain consent to examine and position the patient recumbent at 45 degrees. Expose to the waist and explain what you’re doing. Inspection General inspection Is the patient in pain or respiratory distress? Assess their…
Presenting the patient Presenting Complaint Review of Systems Past History OBGYN History Sexual History Psychiatric History
Viral hepatitis is a viral infection of the liver. It is most commonly caused by the hepatitis virus, but other viruses e.g. CMV, EBV and Yellow Fever can cause hepatitis. There are 5 types of hepatitis virus: Hepatitis A Virus…
Ludwig’s Angina Ludwig’s angina is a bilateral cellulitis involving the submandibular, submental, or sublingual spaces. It presents as edema and cellulitis with an intact skin. It is named after Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Von Ludwig who was the first to describe…
Hypothermia Hypothermia is defined as a core body temperature less than 36 degrees Celsius. Core body temperature can be measured in the nasopharynx, distal eosophagus, tympanic membrane and pulmonary artery. Skin is generally much cooler than core temperature. Mechanisms to…
Overview Post-operative Nausea and Vomiting is the leading cause of delayed discharge from PACU. Current recommendations is at least 2 prophylactic drugs for patients with at least 1 risk factor for PONV. Combinations should be with drugs that have different…
Overview Blood pressure represents the force exerted by the circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels. It is determined by cardiac output (CO) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR). (MAP – SVR) = HR X SVR CO = HR X…
Massive Transfusion Massive transfusion is defined as the administration of greater than 1 total blood volume (10 – 20 units of blood) in 24 hours or replacing 1/2 of the blood volume in < 1 hour *(*about 5 – 10…
