Sickle cell disease is a hereditary, autosomal recessive condition caused by a point mutation in the beta-globin gene found on chromosome 11. This results in the absence of HbA and the production of HbS. 1:700 Africans have sickle cell disease.…
Haemolytic anaemia is caused by the destruction of red blood cells at an accelerated pace beyond the capacity of the bone marrow to compensate. Usually, a normocytic picture is present. Haemolytic anaemia Association Coombs Other tests Treatment Warm AIHA Autoimmune…
Microcytic anaemia is characterised by low haemoglobin and low mean corpuscular volume. Causes of microcytic anaemia Disorder MCV Iron TIBC Ferritin RDW Hepcidin Iron deficiency anaemia Very Low Low High Low Wide Normal Anemia of chronic disease Normal/Low Low Low…
Anaemia is defined as a decrease in red cell mass as evidenced by a haemoglobin concentration below the reference range for a given age or sex in a given population or geographic location. A haemoglobin concentration of <13g/dL in adult…
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Pelvic inflammatory disease is a subacute to chronic infectious disease that affects the upper female reproductive tract (cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries) and/or peritoneum. The most common causative organisms are C. trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, but most cases can be polymicrobial (involving…
PCOS is a genetic, hormonal, metabolic, *and *reproductive disorder. It is the most common endocrine disorder of women in reproductive age. Etiology is unknown but there is a genetic component. Endocrine/hormonal disturbances lead to a constellation of sx. Sx vary…
Overview Benign mass Malignant mass Size < 8cm > 8cm Consistency Cystic Solid or mixed Solid component None Nodular, Papilary Sepatations None or single Multilocular, thick Doppler Negative Positive Laterality Unilateral Bilateral (50% of tumors) Associated Fx Calcification Ascites, Peritoneal…
Fibroids are benign smooth muscle neoplasms arising from myometrial cells. Usually clinically insignificant but VERY common (it is the most common benign tumour in women). Average growth is 0.5 cm Fibroids are estrogen and progesterone-sensitive (similar to endometriosis and adenomyosis).…
Endometrial cancer is the most common cancer of the female genital tract and the fourth most common cause of cancer overall in women. 3% of women will develop endometrial cancer in their lifetime. 75% of endometrial cancers are adenocarcinomas (arising…
Endometrial hyperplasia is endometrial thickening with a proliferation of irregularly sized and shaped glands. Tends to be symptomatic in post-menopausal women. Endometrial hyperplasia in a post-menopausal woman (around 10mm) would be a normal endometrial thickness for a pre-menopausal woman in…
