Overview Escherichia coli Klebsiella In a tabular format, illustrate the biochemical differences between Klebsiella spp. organisms VP = Vogues Proskauer Lact = Lactose fermentation Ure = Urease Cit = Citrate Mal = Maltose utilization LDC = Lysine decarboxylase Test VP…
Neisseria Differentiate between Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Characteristics Neisseria meningitidis Neisseria gonorrhoeae Capsulation Capsulated Non- capsulated Mode of transmission Respiratory droplets Sexual contact, during birth, and handling specimens aseptically Diseases caused Meningitis, meningococcemia Gonorrhea (STI), conjunctivitis, acute perihepatitis in…
In a tabular format, list the difference between primary and post-primary TB lesions Primary Post-primary Local lesion Small Large Lymphatic involvement Yes Minimal Cavity formation Rare Frequent Tuberculin reactivity Initially negative Positive Infectivity Uncommon Usual Site Any Apical region Local…
Bacillus Clostridium Compare and contrast the paralysis caused by Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani Tetanus Botulism Toxin Tetanospasmin and tetanolysin Botulinum toxin MOA Cleaves SNARE proteins in Renshaw cells to cause unhibited a-motor neuron contraction Cleaves SNARE proteins in a-motor…
Staphylococci Choose one clinical condition associated with Staphylococcus aureus and discuss its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment. Clinical condition Pathogenesis Clinical manifestations 1. Toxic Shock Syndrome Females using tampons, individuals with wounds, patients with nasal packaging, TSST-1…
What are the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Circular DNA without proteins Complex of DNA with proteins Nucleoid and plasma Nucleus and mitochondrial DNA Ribosomes are absent Ribosomes are present Cytoplasmic organelles are absent Cytoplasmic organelles are present…
Overview A stroke is a sudden onset of brain dysfunction caused by an altered cerebrovascular blood supply. It is acute in onset and presents with focal neurological deficits (95% of the time). It is a clinical diagnosis, which requires imaging…
Acute Kidney Injury Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a syndrome of decreased renal function which is reflected by an increase in serum creatinine or a decrease in urine output that occurs over hours-days. KDIGO defines AKI as: Rise in serum…
Overview Respiratory infection Description Bronchitis Inflammation of the airway. Predisposition in COPD. Pulmonary abscess Abscess of the pulmonary tissue. Predisposition in aspiration, loss of consciousness, poor dentition Pneumonia Infection of the lung parenchyma Common Causative Organisms