Follicular lymphoma is the most common peripheral non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It affects middle-aged men and women equally, and has an indolent course with prolonged survival (7-9 years). 30-50% undergo Richter’s transformation into Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma.
Small lymphocytic lymphoma is a classic example of a peripheral B-cell neoplasm. It may present with lymphocytosis – hence CLL 10% of cases undergo Richter’s transformation into Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma. It is an indolent disease with a median survival…
Precursor lymphomas account for 15% of ALL cases and 90% of lymphoma cases in children. The Pre-T cell and Pre-B cell forms are indistinguishable. They are very aggressive and can progress to ALL. Precursor lymphomas Type Definition Pre-T cell lymphoma…
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas are other lymphomas that do not fit the criteria for Hodgkin lymphoma. They are characterised by painless lymphadenopathy or an abdominal or testicular mass. B-symptoms may not be present. Compared to Hodgkin lymphoma, they tend to present at…
Hodgkin lymphoma is characterised by Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells. It presents as a painless lymphadenopathy and has a contiguous pattern of spread. Hodgkin lymphoma has a bimodal peak at 30 years and 70 years. Nodular sclerosing type commonly affects young adults,…
Multiple myeloma is characterised by the accumulation of plasma cells in the bone marrow, the presence of M-proteins in serum and urine, and CRAB (hypercalcaemia, renal dysfunction, anaemia, and bone disease) in symptomatic patients. Multiple myeloma accounts for 1% of…
Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia is the clonal proliferation of IgM-secreting plasma cells. It is characterised by platelet-type bleeding and hyperviscosity syndrome. It is rare, peaking between 60 and 80 years of age
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Acute myeloid leukaemia is an acute leukaemia that involves myeloid cell line precursors. The presence of granules in the cells is a characteristic feature of AML. The incidence of AML increases with age. It peaks at around…