Gastrointestinal Bleeding Primary Symptoms Differentials Hematemesis or Melena Ruptured Oesophageal varices, Dieulafoys’s lesion, PUD, Meckel’s diverticulum, Gastric or esophageal cancer, Mallory-Weiss tear, Celiac disease, Esophagitis, Gastritis, Aortoenteric fistula Hematochezia Diverticulosis, Angiodysplasia, Intussusception, Colon cancer, Hemorrhoids, IBD, Ischemic colitis, Infectious diarrhoea…
Incisional hernia An incisional hernia is the herniation of abdominal contents through a “healed” surgical incision. A complication of abdominal surgery. Dx is clinical. It is not the same as wound evisceration (where abdominal contents are completely expelled without a…
Overview The inguinal canal is a tubular structure 3 – 5 cm long running parallel to the inguinal ligament. Men have a higher risk of developing hernias than women. The most common type of inguinal hernia in both men and…
Overview A hernia is an abnormal protrusion of an organ or the fascia of an organ outside the cavity that normally contains. It occurs through a defect in the surrounding tissue structure (the hernial orifice). Protrusion of intra-abdominal contents usually…
Acute Scrotum An acute scrotum is defined as sudden onset pain or swelling or tenderness of the scrotum or its contents Differentials for scrotal swelling Characteristic of the swelling Differentials Swelling on the scrotum Sebaceous cyst Painful swelling in the…
Adnexal Torsion An adnexal torsion occurs when the ovary, fallopian tube (or both), or a paraovarian mass twists around itself. This results in vascular congestion, tissue edema and necrosis of the structures invovled. Torsion is an GYNAECOLOGIC EMERGENCY. It is…