Overview Pregnancy is the state of having products of conception in the uterus or elsewhere, be it normally or abnormally. Amenorrhea is the most common presentation of pregnancy. Pregnancy states Term Definition Intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) Products of conception are implantated…
Overview Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is a heterogenous group of conditions characterised by immune-mediated destruction of peripheral nerves (cranial nerves can be involved as well). Acute paralysis and diminished tendon reflexes are a hallmark for the condition. Commonly, symptoms arise after…
A stroke is a sudden onset of brain dysfunction due to alterations in cerebrovascular blood supply. It is acute in onset and presents with focal neurological deficits (95% of the time). The difference between a stroke and a transient ischaemic attack (TIA) is that a…
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a syndrome of decreased renal function which is reflected by an increase in serum creatinine or a decrease in urine output that occurs over hours-days. KDIGO defines AKI as: Rise in serum creatinine > 26 umol/L within 48 hours Rise in…
Overview Hematuria can be simply defined as the presence of blood in urine which is indicative of bleeding along the urinary tract. According to the National Institutes of Health, it can be further defined as the presence of at least…
Overview Respiratory infection Description Bronchitis Inflammation of the airway. Predisposition in COPD. Pulmonary abscess Abscess of the pulmonary tissue. Predisposition in aspiration, loss of consciousness, poor dentition Pneumonia Infection of the lung parenchyma Common Causative Organisms
In a tabular format, distinguish between Hyperacute vs Acute vs Chronic Graft rejection Hyperacute Acute Chronic Onset < 48 hours (immediate > 6 months > 6 months Risk factors ABO incompatibility, HLA incompatibility HLA incompatibility, Inadequate immunosuppression Previous acute rejection,…