Pharyngitis is an infection and inflammation of the pharynx. Modified Centor Criteria CENTOR Component C Cough absent E Exudate (pharyngeal) N Nodes (tender, cervical) T Temperature (fever) OR Young OR Old. Ages 3-14 (+1), 15-44 (0), ≥ 45 (-1) Score Likelihood…
Epistaxis is bleeding from inside the nose. It is a common ENT emergency, affecting all age groups. Almost 90% of the population will have an episode of epistaxis. Plexuses involved in epistaxis Plexus Description Kiesselbach’s plexus Formed by 4 vessels (anterior…
Nasopharyngeal cancer is a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) that commonly arises in the fossa of Rosenmuller. It is strongly associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (especially in endemic regions). It is the second most common head and neck cancer…
Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI) are a rapidly progressive infection resulting in extensive necrosis of soft-tissue structures. It can develop into a life-threatening condition WITHIN HOURS (rapid onset and fulminant course) NSTI leads to severe systemic morbidity and mortality if…
Epidermal Necrolysis is an immune-complex mediated inflammatory condition where the skin is destroyed at the level of the junction between the epidermis and dermis. It is a spectrum that is termed differently depending on the severity. Epidermal necrolysis follows a…
Pyoderma gangrenosum is an inflammatory condition that begins as pustules, which break down to form painful, ulcerated lesions with indurated purple borders. These ulcers often get secondary infection. They most frequently appear on the lower legs (but can appear anywhere,…
Hidradenitis suppurativa is a painful inflammatory skin condition characterized by tender skin nodules that enlarge, coalesce, and drain, leaving fibrotic sinus tracts. It is commonly seen in intratiginous regions – the axilla, perineum, inframammary folds, and inguinal folds (areas with…
Anatomy Cholelithiasis Cholelithiasis is the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder. Asymptomatic cholelithias is discovered incidentally on imaging performed for other reasons. Prophylactic cholecystectomy is NOT recommended. The exception is in a calcified “porcelain” gallbladder, which in itself is an…
Overview Appendicitis is inflammation of the vermiform appendix. It is commonly caused by obstruction of the appendiceal lumen by a fecalith. Appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies and should be on your differential in any patient presenting…
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