Bronchiolitis is an infectious, inflammatory process of the bronchioles. Primarily a disease of the very young (95% of cases occur in children < 2 years old). Always viral. Most commony caused by the Respiratory syncitial virus (RSV). Other causes include…

Overview Condition Pathogen Laryngitis Viral Laryngotracheobronchitis Parainfluenza virus Spasmodic croup Several viruses and allergic cause Epiglottitis Haemophilus influenza Type B; Gram + bacteria Bacterial tracheitis S. aureus Foreign body obstruction N/A (Foreign body) Laryngitis Inflammation of the larynx. Corynebacterium diphtheria…

Overview Rickets is an impairment of bone mineralization prior to epiphyseal closure. The most common cause of rickets is Vitamin D deficiency (does not occur naturally in foods, needs fortification/supplementation). Rickets manifests as skeletal malformations Vitamin D-related rickets Vitamin D…

Overview Failure to thrive is failure to grow at the expected rate given the child’s age. Historically divided into organic and non-organic (environmental) causes. Perform investigations if non-organic causes are not suspected. Subtypes of FTT Misconceptions about FTT Common non-organic…

Overview Malnutrition is defined as a lack of macronutrients (calories) OR a lack of micronutrients (Vitamins, minerals). For this discussion, we will consider undernutrition in terms of inadequate consumption of macronutrients. Weight, height, and age For children, percentiles using growth…

Summary of important social milestones Age Milestones 1 month old Prefers human faces, reacts to voice, establishes eye contact 2 months old Social smile 4 months old Sustained social smile, laughs 6 months old Prefers caretaker, stranger anxiety starts 9…

Summary of important motor milestones Age Milestones 1 month old Raise head off table 2 months old Hold head steady while sitting in lap 4 months old Lift head above plane; grasp objectsl; 2x birthweight 6 months old Transfer objects…