Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules
Differentiate between MHC class I and MHC Class II molecules MHC I MHC II Polypeptide chain a-chain, B2-microglobulin a-chain and B-chain T-cell receptor binding site A3 binds to CD8 B2 region binds to CD4 Size of peptide binding cleft 8-10…
Immunoglobulins structure and functions, Antigens, and Antibodies
What are the differences between T-cell dependent and T-cell independent antigens T-cell dependent antigen T-cell independent antigen (TI) Chemical nature Protein Ti type I: Lipopolysaccharide; TI type II: Polymeric proteins and polysaccharides T cell involvement No Yes Isotype switching Yes…
B- and T-cell Ontogeny
Differentiate between somatic recombination and somatic hypermutation Somatic recombination Somatic hypermutation Definition Random combination of heavy chain gene segments Random mutations introduced into the gene segments coding for the variable region of T and B cell receptors Stimulus Antigen presentation…
Complement System
A 14 year old girl has a long history of excessive swelling after mild traumatic injury. Past 2 years she has complained of 7 episodes of intermittent abdominal pain sometimes accompanied by watery diarrhea. Lab tests show decreased c4 and…
Innate and Adaptive Immune Mechanisms
What are the differences between the key features of the Innate and adaptive immunity Innate immune system Adaptive immune system Key components Physical and Biochemical barriers, Complements, Antigen presenting cells, Granulocytes, NK cells B cells, T cells, Immunoglobulins Genetics Germline…
Male Reproductive System
Distinguish between spermatogonia type A and type B Spermatogonia A dark (Ad) Spermatogonia A pale (Ap) Spermatogonia B Ovoid nuclei Ovoid nuclei Spherical Nuclei Densely staining basophilic chromatin Lightly staining chromatin – Finely granular chromatin Finely granular chromatin Condensed chromatin…