Overview Dacyrocystitis is an inflammation of the lacrimal sac usually as a result of obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct. It is the most frequent disorder affecting the lower lacrimal system and usually occurs unilaterally. It may present acutely or chronically…
Overview Dacryoadenitis is the inflammation of the lacrimal glands. It may present acutely or chronically. It may occur unilaterally or bilaterally and there are multiple causes which can be broadly classified into: It occurs commonly in children and young adults…
High-Risk Pregnancies A high-risk pregnancy is a pregnancy in which the mother, fetus, or**, newborn is or will be at an increased risk of morbidity or mortality**, happening before, during, or after delivery. They can lead to serious maternal, obstetric,…
Overview Anaemia is a common condition affecting more than half (57%) of pregnant women in Sub-saharan Africa. It is defined as a reduction in the hemoglobin concentration of the blood or red blood cell mass below the normal range for…
Overview NYHA functional classification of heart failure (Symptoms = fatigue, palpitations, dyspnea) NYHA Class Symptoms at rest Symptoms during activity I No No II No Mild III No Severe IV Yes Severe Maternal mortality risk Risk for maternal mortality Conditions…
Overview The goal of managing diabetes in pregnancy includes providing necessary nutrients for the mother and fetus, controlling glucose levels, and preventing starvation ketosis. Women without persistent fasting hyperglycemia (A1) can be put on diet restriction. Priscilla White Classification of…
Overview Pregnancy is a hypercoagulable state, with an increases risk of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). All clotting factors increase (apart from factor XI and XIII) and stasis in lower limb vessels increases due to compression of…
Overview Postpartum fever is defined as a temperature > 38. 7 C in the first 24 hours postpartum or > 38 C on any two of the first 10 days post-partum. The MCC of postpartum fever is endometritis. Complicates approximately…
Overview Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is classically defined as blood loss of greater than 500 mL in vaginal delivery or 1000 mL at Caeserian. ACOG defines it as a 10% drop in hematocrit or need for transfusion. Most clinicians rely on…
Post-partum Care Postpartum is a general term for the period of time following childbirth. “Postpartum,” as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), starts one hour after the delivery of the placenta and includes the first six weeks after childbirth. The…
