Overview Urticaria is an inflammatory skin disorder, resulting in the formation of well-circumscribed, erythematous, edematous, and pruritic plaques called wheals/ hives. It may occur with or without angioedema. Can be classified as acute (<6 weeks) or chronic (>6 weeks). Etiology…
Overview Acne vulgaris (aka ‘acne’) is a very common disorder of the pilosebaceous follicles (oil glands). It results from excess production of sebum, which is related to androgen (testosterone) levels. It is associated with psychological distress (including depression, anxiety, and…
Overview Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by raised, red, itchy, scaly plaques on the skin. It is caused by an abnormal T-cell-mediated immune response. T-cells release cytokines, which lead to keratinocyte proliferation. 10-15% of cases are…
Overview Atopic dermatitis, AKA eczema, is a chronically relapsing, pruritic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by papules and vesicles on an erythematous base, eczematous lesions, xerosis (dry skin) and lichenification (thickening of skin and accentuated skin markings). It is caused by…
Overview Dermatology can be defined as the study of both normal and abnormal skin, and associated structures such as hair, nails, and oral and genital mucous membranes. Dermatological History Fitzpatrick skin type and scoring Skin type and score Typical features…
A 14-year-old boy presents with a 3-month history of progressive pain and swelling around his left knee. The pain is dull, constant, and often wakes him at night. His parents report that he has developed a limp and is unable…
A 2-day-old female infant born at 39 weeks via breech vaginal delivery is undergoing her routine newborn exam on day 2 of life. The baby is feeding well, active and has no apparent distress. On examination, she is a healthy…
A 12-year-old boy was brought to the clinic with 1 1-month history of left groin pain and a limp. Q1. What is the difference between pain that radiates into the groin and pain that originates in the groin? Q2. What…
Overview Joint pain is a common presentation across different demographics and can present as: Term Definition Arthralgia Inflammation of tendon sheets, e.g. in fibrotic disease or gonococcal arthritis Arthritis Inflammation of the joint structure (a pathological process) Synovitis Inflammation of…