Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Overview Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is a heterogenous group of conditions characterised by immune-mediated destruction of peripheral nerves (cranial nerves can be involved as well). Acute paralysis and diminished tendon reflexes are a hallmark for the condition. Commonly, symptoms arise after…

Stroke

Overview A stroke is a sudden onset of brain dysfunction caused by an altered cerebrovascular blood supply. It is acute in onset and presents with focal neurological deficits (95% of the time). It is a clinical diagnosis, which requires imaging…

Acute Kidney Injury

Acute Kidney Injury Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a syndrome of decreased renal function which is reflected by an increase in serum creatinine or a decrease in urine output that occurs over hours-days. KDIGO defines AKI as: Rise in serum…

Approach to Hematuria

Overview Hematuria can be simply defined as the presence of blood in urine which is indicative of bleeding along the urinary tract. According to the National Institutes of Health, it can be further defined as the presence of at least…

Respiratory Infections

Overview Respiratory infection Description Bronchitis Inflammation of the airway. Predisposition in COPD. Pulmonary abscess Abscess of the pulmonary tissue. Predisposition in aspiration, loss of consciousness, poor dentition Pneumonia Infection of the lung parenchyma Common Causative Organisms