Overview HIE is basically caused by perfusion-reperfusion injury. It is a major cause of morbidity in preterm infants and is the MCC of neonatal seizures. In severe cases, ischemic injury can extend beyond the brain to involve the heart, liver,…
Overview Definiton of terms Term Definition Suspected sepsis Presence of sepsis risk factors in the baby, or findings suggesting sepsis on follow up regardless of whether there are symptoms or not. Clinical sepsis Clinical features and lab findings are present,…
Overview (Failure to Pass Meconium) Hallmark sx on neonatal bowel obstruction include: Failure to pass mconium in 24 hours, Abdominal distention, Reluctance to feed, AND Bilious vomiting. If there is failure to pass meconium: Esophageal atresia/Tracheoesophageal fistula Esophageal atresia involves…
Overview Neonatal jaundice refers to yellowness o the skin and mucous membranes due to elevated bilirubin within the first 28 days of life. Every baby should be examined for jaundice in bright natural light if possible. (sclera, gum, palm, and…
General Approach to Respiratory Distress in Neonates Differentials for Respiratory Distress in Neonates Classificatoin Differentials Nota bene CNS Intracranial hemorrhage, over sedation, perinatal asphyxia Presents with slow, irregular breathing with apnoeic attacks, poor reflexes and disturbed consciousness Pulmonary causes Lung…
When is the baby ready for feeding? Baby is typically fed within 6 hours after birth (may need to wake up baby to feed. If the mother is planning on breastfeeding the baby should be put to the breast within…
Risk factors for Birth Injuries Soft-tissue injuries of the head Cephalohematoma Collection of blood between the periosteum and skull bone (thus hematoma is imited by the suture lines. Commonly seen in the occipital bone and 5-20% of infants have an…
Overview The nursery exam is done in the nursery or NICU within 24 hours of birth to identify any abnormalities or anomalies that may impact the infant’s current or future well-being. Some anomalies may not be visible grossly, so blood…
History Maternal and paternal medical and genetic History Maternal Obstetric History Anteparturm and Intrapartum History Assessment of gestational age and size The most reliable method of estimating gestation age is the LNMP. Other methods include sonography or Ballard method (among…
Laryngomalacia is caused by an immature, constricted larynx with poor structural support and/or tone. The weak and immature cartilages of the infant collapse on inspiration causing the noisy breathing characteristic of this condition. It is the most common congenital laryngeal…
