Overview Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a non-melanoma (keratinocyte), epithelial skin cancer arising from the basal cells (small, round cells in the lower layer of the dermis). Is the most common malignant skin tumor in humans. More common in males…

Overview Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a non-melanoma (keratinocyte), epithelial skin cancer derived from the malignant transformation of normal epidermal keratinocytes (which produce keratin – horny protein that makes up skin, hair, and nails). It typically appears on sun-exposed…

Pemphigus Vulgaris Pemphigus Vulgaris is a blistering skin disorder that is common in middle age (40-60 years). It has a high prevalence in the Jewish population. It is a lifelong condition. It often has mucosal involvement (>90%) and can be…

Pemphigoid gestationis is an autoimmune disorder of the second and third trimester of pregnancy. It is characterised by itchy blisters which start on the abdomen before spreading to other body parts. Symptoms worsen during the third trimester and improve postpartum…

Overview Bullous pemphigoid is a chronic, inflammatory, sub-epidermal, autoimmune blistering disease. It is the most common form of autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease. More prevalent among the elderly, occurring equally in males and females. Pathophysiology Bullous pemphigoid results from the attack…

Overview Urticaria is an inflammatory skin disorder, resulting in the formation of well-circumscribed, erythematous, edematous, and pruritic plaques called wheals/ hives. It may occur with or without angioedema. Can be classified as acute (<6 weeks) or chronic (>6 weeks). Etiology…

Overview Acne vulgaris (aka ‘acne’) is a very common disorder of the pilosebaceous follicles (oil glands). It results from excess production of sebum, which is related to androgen (testosterone) levels. It is associated with psychological distress (including depression, anxiety, and…

Overview Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by raised, red, itchy, scaly plaques on the skin. It is caused by an abnormal T-cell-mediated immune response. T-cells release cytokines, which lead to keratinocyte proliferation. 10-15% of cases are…

Overview Atopic dermatitis, AKA eczema, is a chronically relapsing, pruritic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by papules and vesicles on an erythematous base, eczematous lesions, xerosis (dry skin) and lichenification (thickening of skin and accentuated skin markings). It is caused by…

Overview Dermatology can be defined as the study of both normal and abnormal skin, and associated structures such as hair, nails, and oral and genital mucous membranes. Dermatological History Fitzpatrick skin type and scoring Skin type and score Typical features…