Overview Psychotherapy is the use of communication and language to help patients understand their thoughts, feelings, and actions to bring about positive change. It is based on the communication between a therapist (psychologist or psychiatrist) and a patient. Historical Psychotherapies…
Sigmund Freud (1856 – 1939) Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist who pioneered psychoanalysis. His major works include: Studies on Hysteria, Interpretation of Dreams, Three Essays on the Theory of sexuality, Beyond the Pleasure Principle, and Moses and Monotheism. Freud’s…
Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is characterised by two or more psychotic symptoms for 6 months or more. Symptoms can be delusions, hallucinations (mainly auditory), disorganised speech, disorganised or catatonic behaviour, and negative symptoms (affective flattening, avolition, mutism). 14% achieve slow sustained recovery…
Changes from DSM-IV to DSM-V Organisation of Sleep Brain wave patterns Stages of Sleep Neurochemicals involved in sleep Relationship between depression and sleep Sleep Changes with Age Insomnia (initiation Phase) Insomnia is characterised by an inability or difficulty initiating sleep…
DSM-V Criteria Criteria for major neurocognitive disorder Criteria for mild neurocognitive disorder Overview Acute or insidious onset of disturbance in various cognitive and executive functions and/or in memory (amnesia). Important to distinguish delirium from dementia first, then determine the cause…
Changes from DSM-IV to DSM-V Impulse control vs OCD Impulses are egosyntonic, Compulsions are egodystonic Impulse control disorders Overview of impulse control disorder Disorder Impulse Kleptomania Stealing Trichotillomania Hair-pulling (may include eating hair) Pyromania Setting things on fire Intermittent explosive…
Changes DSM-IV to DSM-V Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Characterized by unwanted, intrusive, unreasonable egodystonic urges (obsessions) that create sx of anxiety, and are resolved with a compulsion that relieves the symptoms. In other words, the patient has urges that create…
Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders Major psychological stress involves a threatening event or loss. The stress response involves physical, emotional, and psychological components. Reactive Attachment Disorder Disorder whereby children (< 5 years) are unable to form healthy attachments (particularly with…
Changes from DSM-IV to DSM-V General Principles The patient reports physical sx that cannot be explained by a general medical condition or is disproportionate to their general medical condition. Objective testing is normal. Sx interferes with the patient’s quality of…
Overview All dissociative disorders involve a disruption of consciousness, memory, identity OR perception resulting in significant distress to the patient. Mostly caused by some degree of psychological trauma. The defense mechanism dissociation is prominent (mostly in Dissociative amnesia). r/o Hallucinogens…