How fractures occur A fracture is a break in the structural continuity of bone. Simply put, it is a broken bone. Types of fractures Type Description Complete fracture Bone is completely divided into 2 or more fragments Incomplete fracture Bone…
Hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism is an elevation of thyroid hormone (T3 and T4). Classification Classification Description Examples Primary hyperthyroidism Elevated thyroid hormone due to increased autonomous production by the thyroid gland. Has a low TSH, high T3 and T4 Grave’s disease, Toxic…
Overview Acute complications of Diabetes Mellitus can be split into Hyperglycemic crises and Hypoglycemia. Hyperglycemic crises include Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS). DKA and HHS have distinctly different pathophysiology but the basic management protocols are the same.…
Overview Diabetes is an endocrine disease that results from a lack of or reduced effectiveness fo insulin. The main metabolic derangement is hyperglycaemia, which can lead to serious microvascular and macrovascular complications. Both T1DM and T2DM have the same long-term…
Basic Anaesthetic Monitoring ASA has prescribed standards for basic anaesthetic monitoring. Standard Statement Standard I A qualified anaesthesia personnel shall be present in the room throughout the conduct of all general anaesthetics, regional anaesthetics and monitored anaesthesia care Standard II…
The problem with medicine is that it remains dominated by imperialist Western interests and practices. Economic gain has been prioritized over the well-being of our population. Our countries remain dependent on the West for medical essentials, technology, resources, and decision-making.…
