Anatomy of the Hip The hip is a ball-and-socket joint where the head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis. The hip joint is more important for weight bearing rather than its range of motion (of which…
Overview Osteomyelitis is an infection of bone characterised by progressive inflammatory destruction and apposition of new bone. Infection commonly occurs after an open fracture or from haematological seeding in the setting of acute bacteremia. It is common in the Paediatric…
Overview Classification of bone tumors Classification Tumors Primary Bone-forming (benign) Osteoma, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma Primary Bone-forming (malignant) Osteogenic sarcoma (osteosarcoma) Primary Cartilaginous (benign) Osteochondroma, chondroma, chondroblastoma (enchondroma) Primary Cartilaginous (malignant) Chondrosarcoma Primary Fibrous Non-ossifying fibroma, ossifying fibroma, fibrous dysplasia, desmoplastic…
Definition of terms Term Definition Genu Knee Talus Ankle Pes Foot Valgus Inward curving of bones relative to each other Varus Outward carving of bones relative to each other Cavus steep arch or depression Genu Valgum Genu valgum is aka…
Summary Condition Presentation Radiologic findings Treatment Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) Common in extended breech babies. Positive Barlow and Ortolani test on screening. Limb length discrepancy in unilateral disease (Galeazzi). Limp may be present as the disease progresses, and…
Complications of Fractures Summary of complications of fractures Onset Examples Urgent early complications Visceral injury, vascular injury, nerve injury, compartment syndrome, hemarthrosis, infection, gas gangrene Less urgent early complications Fracture blister, pressure sore, heterotrophic ossification, ligament injury, tendon injury, nerve…
Overview The main objective of treating fractures is to enable the patient to return to normal function as soon and as safely as possible. The 4 principles of managing fractures include resuscitation, reduction, restriction (holding reduction) and rehabilitation. Treating the…
History Possible secondary injuries Secondary injury Action Thoracic injury Check cardiorespiratory function (fractures of the ribs or sternum may injure the heart and lungs) Spinal fracture Perform a neurological exam Pelvic and abdominal injuries Ask about urinary function, order a…
Pelvic organ prolapse is an abnormal herniation of pelvic organs from their normal anatomic position. It is the third most common reason for elective hysterectomy. 11% of women undergo surgery for prolapse or incontinence in their lifetime. Levels of vaginal support Level…
Fetal Movements (”Kick” charts) Maternal perception of fetal movements can be used to monitor fetal well-being. A decrease in movements can precede fetal death. A kick is defined as the full movement of extension or flexion (sensation of “playing” around).…
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