A 36-year-old with heavy menstrual bleeding and inability to conceive
Dr Jeffrey Kalei
Author and illustrator for Hyperexcision. Interested in emergency room medicine. I have a passion for medical education and drawing.
A 32-year-old with knee pain and inability to bear weight following road traffic accident
Adnexal Torsion
Adnexal Torsion An adnexal torsion occurs when the ovary, fallopian tube (or both), or a paraovarian mass twists around itself. This results in vascular congestion, tissue edema and necrosis of the structures invovled. Torsion is an GYNAECOLOGIC EMERGENCY. It is…
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB)
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) Abnormal uterine bleeding is defined as menstrual blood loss (MBL) that interferes with physical, social, and mental quality of life, irrespective of the regularity frequency, or duration (NICE) Heavy menstrual bleeding is the most common cause…
Menopause
Overview Menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of menses for at least 12 months, following the loss of ovarian activity. Symptoms of menopause are due to low oestrogen levels, and these are mainly psychological symptoms, vasomotor symptoms and urogenital…
Gonorrhoeal and Chlamydial Infection
Overview Gonorrhoeal and chlamydial infection cannot be differentiated on physical examination Gonorrhoea vs Chlamydia Gonorrhoea Chlamydia Symptoms Asymptomatic, itching or burning Asymptomatic, itching or burning Physical exam Mucupurulent discharge, cervicitis, motion tenderness Mucupurulent discharge, cervicitis, motion tenderness Investigations NAAT NAAT…
Instrumental Delivery (Operative Vaginal Delivery)
Instrumental Delivery Instrumental delivery, AKA operative vaginal delivery, refers to the use of suction cups or forceps to assist vaginal delivery in the second stage of labour. The procedure is carried out by an experienced obstetrician with facilities for caesarean…
Malaria in Pregnancy
Malaria in Pregnancy Malaria in pregnancy is a significant public health concer, particularly in Sub-saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. It is caused by Plasmodium falciparum (mainly in Africa) and Plasmodium vivax (mainly in Asia). Pregnant women are more succeptible to…
Obstructed Labour
Obstructed Labor Obstructed labour refers to failure of descent of the presenting part despite strong uterine contractions, often due to mechanical obstruction. It is a life-threatening obstetric emergency that can lead to uterine rupture, fetal death and maternal complications suchs…
Pelvic Assessment and Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD)
Overview For a woman to delivery vaginally they need to have a pelvis that is adequate in size and shape. The best indicator of an adequate pelvis is good progress during labour. Even so, the pelvis can be assessed for…