Overview Mood stabilizers are drugs that are used to stabilise manic, mixed, and depressive episodes. They do not induce alternate mood symptoms AND prevent future relapse into manic, mixed, or depressive episodes. Lithium (1949, oldest and best mood stabilizer) is…...
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Overview Anti-depressants increase the availability of 5-HT and other monoamines in general AND normalize receptor density (do not up-regulate post and pre-synaptic receptors). The most commonly used antidepressants are SSRIs as they are relatively well tolerated. TCAs have fallen out…...
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Overview Dopamine antagonists (D2 receptors). Remember the primary theory behind psychotic disorders is dopamine overproduction Antagonizing dopamine is a useful way to block psychotic symptoms. Dopaminergic pathways Dopaminergic pathway Function Nigrostriatal Motor Control (Responsible for extrapyramidal side effects) Mesolimbic Emotional…...
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Disorders of thought Disorders of thought process Thought process describes how the patient uses language and puts ideas together. Can be linear or non-linear. Disorder of though process Definition Circumstantiality Indirect speech that delays reaching the point BUT eventually does.…...
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TORCH infections Specific Sx Dx Definitive Tx Toxoplasmosis Diffuse calcifications on MRI, hydrocephalus Toxo titers (IgM) Pirimethamine and Sulfadizine + Leucovorin Syphilis Palm/sole rash, periostitis VDRL-RPR; FTA-ABS, CSF analysis Penicillin G Rubella Cataract, deafness, heart defects (PDA), blueberry muffin rash…...
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IVH is a commonly encountered in the NICU, particularly in preterm neonates. It is closely associated with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy. It is the hemorrhage into the germinal matrix capillary bed (tissues surrounding the lateral ventricle). It is typically the result…...
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Overview Hypotonia can occur due to dysfunction anywhere along the neuroaxis. Can be acquired or inherited. The MCC of acquired hypotonia is HIE, and the MCC of congenital hypotonia is Down syndrome. A normal young infant should be able to…...
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Overview The MCC of neonatal seizures is HIE. The lifespan risk of seizures is highest in the neonatal period and premature infants are at an increased risk of developing seizures. Causes of Neonatal Seizures Most seizures occur between 12-48 hours…...
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Overview HIE is basically caused by perfusion-reperfusion injury. It is a major cause of morbidity in preterm infants and is the MCC of neonatal seizures. In severe cases, ischemic injury can extend beyond the brain to involve the heart, liver,…...
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Overview Definiton of terms Term Definition Suspected sepsis Presence of sepsis risk factors in the baby, or findings sugesting sepsis ni follow up regardless of whether there are symptoms or not. Clinical sepsis Clinical features signs and symptoms and lab…...
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