What are the differences between T-cell dependent and T-cell independent antigens T-cell dependent antigen T-cell independent antigen (TI) Chemical nature Protein Ti type I: Lipopolysaccharide; TI type II: Polymeric proteins and polysaccharides T cell involvement No Yes Isotype switching Yes…
Differentiate between somatic recombination and somatic hypermutation Somatic recombination Somatic hypermutation Definition Random combination of heavy chain gene segments Random mutations introduced into the gene segments coding for the variable region of T and B cell receptors Stimulus Antigen presentation…
A 14 year old girl has a long history of excessive swelling after mild traumatic injury. Past 2 years she has complained of 7 episodes of intermittent abdominal pain sometimes accompanied by watery diarrhea. Lab tests show decreased c4 and…
What are the differences between the key features of the Innate and adaptive immunity Innate immune system Adaptive immune system Key components Physical and Biochemical barriers, Complements, Antigen presenting cells, Granulocytes, NK cells B cells, T cells, Immunoglobulins Genetics Germline…
Distinguish between spermatogonia type A and type B Spermatogonia A dark (Ad) Spermatogonia A pale (Ap) Spermatogonia B Ovoid nuclei Ovoid nuclei Spherical Nuclei Densely staining basophilic chromatin Lightly staining chromatin – Finely granular chromatin Finely granular chromatin Condensed chromatin…
State the structural differences in parietal cells between its active and inactive forms Active parietal cell Inactive parietal cell Microvilli in canaliculi Increased Decreased Tubulovesicular system Reduced in number or disappear as they are inserted into the cell membrane Present…
