PCOS is a genetic, hormonal, metabolic, *and *reproductive disorder. It is the most common endocrine disorder of women in reproductive age. Etiology is unknown but there is a genetic component. Endocrine/hormonal disturbances lead to a constellation of sx. Sx vary…
Overview Benign mass Malignant mass Size < 8cm > 8cm Consistency Cystic Solid or mixed Solid component None Nodular, Papilary Sepatations None or single Multilocular, thick Doppler Negative Positive Laterality Unilateral Bilateral (50% of tumors) Associated Fx Calcification Ascites, Peritoneal…
Fibroids are benign smooth muscle neoplasms arising from myometrial cells. Usually clinically insignificant but VERY common (it is the most common benign tumour in women). Average growth is 0.5 cm Fibroids are estrogen and progesterone-sensitive (similar to endometriosis and adenomyosis).…
Endometrial cancer is the most common cancer of the female genital tract and the fourth most common cause of cancer overall in women. 3% of women will develop endometrial cancer in their lifetime. 75% of endometrial cancers are adenocarcinomas (arising…
Endometrial hyperplasia is endometrial thickening with a proliferation of irregularly sized and shaped glands. Tends to be symptomatic in post-menopausal women. Endometrial hyperplasia in a post-menopausal woman (around 10mm) would be a normal endometrial thickness for a pre-menopausal woman in…
Adenomyosis is uterine enlargement caused by focal or diffuse ectopic rests of endometrial tissue within the myometrium. Pathogenesis is not fully understood. Most likely due to direct invasion of the endometrium into the myometrium. The most common symptoms are abnormal…
Endometriosis is the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the normal location, excluding adenomyosis. It is a hormonally dependent disease, and therefore commonly presents as cyclical pelvic pain. Prevents chiefly in women of reproductive age. Should be considered as…
Overview Cervical cancer rates are highest in Sub-saharan Africa. Cervical cancer is the 3rd most common cancer in women worldwide and the 2nd most common cause of cancer-related deaths in women. It contributes to about 13% of new cancer cases…
Cervical cysts Cervical cysts need not be removed unless they are symptomatic or interfere with pap testing. Benign lesion Description Nabothian cyst Clear to yellow-white elevations of the endocervix or proximal ectocervix. Contain mucus. No more than 1 cm in…
Overview Trichomoniasis Candida vaginitis Bacterial vaginosis Physical Exam Erythema and irritation Erythema and irritation Unremarkable Discharge Yellow-green, malodorous “Cottage-cheese” like Gray/White, “fishy Wet mount “Motile, flagellated protozoa Nothing Clue cells KOH prep Nothing Pseudohyphae, spores + whiff test pH Elevated…