Distinguish between arteries and veins histologically Arteries Veins Layers Tunica intima, media, and adventitia Tunica intima, media, and adventitia Internal elastic membrane Prominent Less prominent or absent Smooth muscle Prominent in muscular arteries Present Elastic lamellae Prominent in elastic arteries…
Illustrate the ultrastructural arrangement of contractile fibres in striated muscle What are the structural components of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle Distinguish between a diad and a triad in striated muscle Diad Triad Definition T-tubule and 1 terminal cisterna of…
Distinguish between endochondral and membranous ossification. Give examples Endochondral ossification Intramembranous ossification Definition Development of bone tissue within cartilage Development of bone tissue within mesenchymal tissue without cartilage formation Mechanism Cartilage is formed first and bone is laid on it…
Distinguish between resident and non-resident connective tissue cells and give examples in each class Resident cells Non-resident cells Characteristics Stable – exhibit little movement and stay permanently in the tissue These cells have migrated into the tissue from blood in…
As regards membranous proteins, distinguish between carrier proteins, channel proteins, and pumps Carrier proteins Channels Pumps Function Binds specific molecules and changes their conformation to transport them across the cell membrane Allows passive diffusion of ions, small molecules and water…
Overview Plasma cell disorders involve the abnormal proliferation of plasma cells. These B-cell clones synthesize and secrete a single monoclonal immunoglobulin or its fragments e.g. free light chains, and free heavy chains. These monoclonal immunoglobulins are termed M proteins and…
Overview Lymphomas are tumors arising from lymphoid cells. They have a much less dramatic presentation than leukemias. They are classified into 2 major groups – Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s – based on morphology and immunophenotype. 2/3 of lymphoma present with Lymphadenopathy.…