Risk factors for Birth Injuries Soft-tissue injuries of the head Cephalohematoma Collection of blood between the periosteum and skull bone (thus hematoma is imited by the suture lines. Commonly seen in the occipital bone and 5-20% of infants have an…
Overview The nursery exam is done in the nursery or NICU within 24 hours of birth to identify any abnormalities or anomalies that may impact the infant’s current or future well-being. Some anomalies may not be visible grossly, so blood…
History Maternal and paternal medical and genetic History Maternal Obstetric History Anteparturm and Intrapartum History Assessment of gestational age and size The most reliable method of estimating gestation age is the LNMP. Other methods include sonography or Ballard method (among…
Choanal atresia is a congenital defect in which the openings that connect the nasal cavity to the nasopharynx (choanae) are occluded, either by soft tissue, bone, or both. (90% bony, 10% membranous and 5% mixed) It is more common in…
Congenital Neck Masses Location Typical age Physical exam Treatment Thyroglossal duct cyst Midline School-aged Firm, Non-tender, Elevates with tongue protrusion Surgical excision Branchial cleft cyst Anterior triangle, pre-auricular School-aged Firm, non-tender Surgical excision Cystic hygroma Posterior triangle Infant Diffuse neck…
Overview The larynx is the second most common site of head and neck cancer. It accounts for 1-5% of all malignancies. The mean age of laryngeal cancer presentation is 40-70 years. It has a 5-year survival rate of 65%. Sites…
Pharyngitis is infection and inflammation of the pharynx. It is usually viral. Bacterial pharyngitis is associated with Streptococcus pyogenes (will not have a significant cough) Modified Centor Criteria CENTOR Component C Cough absent E Exudate (pharyngeal) N Nodes (tender, cervical)…
Epistaxis is bleeding from inside the nose. It is a common ENT emergency that is seen in all age groups. Almost 90% of the population will have an episode of epistaxis. Plexuses involved in epistaxis Plexus Description Kiesselbach’s plexus Formed…
Overview NPC is the second most common head and neck cancer in Kenya. It has a high incidence in Southern China and a moderate incidence in Kenya and Northern Africa. Areas with high incidence have a single peak incidence at…
Acute Rhinosinusitis Acute sinusitis is inflammation of the sinus cavities of the skull. Inflammation results in blockage, build-up of fluid, and pressure. It is most commonly viral. If symptoms last for more than 7-10 days it suggests a bacterial etiology,…
