TOTW #20 - Physiology Start QuizPage 1 of 30 Which of the following is false regarding stroke volume (SV)? Is the end-diastolic volume (EDV) minus the end-systolic volume (ESV) Increases with increased cardiac contractility Increases with increased pre-load Increases with increased afterload Page 2 of 30 Which of the following is false regarding ejection fraction (EF)? Normal range is 70-80% Is the stroke volume divided by the end diastolic volume (SV/EDV) Lowered in systolic heart failure Normal in diastolic heart failure Page 3 of 30 Which of the following is false regarding cardiac output (CO)? This is the heart rate multiplied by the strike volume (HR x SV) Is approximately 10L/min at rest When divided by body surface area, the result is the cardiac index (CI = CO/BSA) When multiplied by total peripheral resistance, the result is the mean arterial pressure (MAP = CO x TPR) Page 4 of 30 Which of the following heart chamber pressures is incorrectly matched? Right atrium <5mmHg Left atrium >12mmHg Right ventricle 25mmHg systolic, 5mmHg diastolic Left ventricle 130mmHg systolic, 10mmHg diastolic Page 5 of 30 Which of the following parts of the conduction system of the heart is found within Koch triangle? Sinoatrial node Purkinje fibres Atrioventricular node Bundle of His Page 6 of 30 Which heart valves are auscultated at each of the following points? Aortic, Pulmonic, Tricuspid, Mitral Pulmonic, Tricuspid, Mitral, Aortic Mitral, Tricuspid, Pulmonic, Aortic Tricuspid, Pulmonic, Aortic, Mitral Page 7 of 30 Which factor is primarily responsible for the generation of the afterload in the heart? Preload Stroke volume Arterial compliance Heart rate Page 8 of 30 Which mechanism contributes to the generation of the Frank-Starling mechanism in the heart? Increased sympathetic stimulation Increased preload Decreased afterload Increased contractility Page 9 of 30 Which hormone plays a central role in the regulation of potassium (K+) levels in the body by promoting potassium uptake into cells? Aldosterone Parathyroid hormone Insulin Glucagon Page 10 of 30 Which of the following factors regulates ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) matching in the lungs? PO2 in arterial blood PCO2 in alveolar gas Pulmonary capillary blood flow Alveolar surface tension Page 11 of 30 Which is responsible for the production of the majority of ATP in skeletal muscle during prolonged aerobic exercise? Glycolysis Phosphocreatine breakdown Oxidative phosphorylation Anaerobic metabolism Page 12 of 30 Organelles are important because they help compartmentalize the cell for different functions. What is the role of the lysosome? Generate energy for the cell Breaks down unwanted material Translates RNA into protein Transcribes DNA into RNA Page 13 of 30 Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is true? Net movement is down the concentration gradient Requires expenditure of energy Does not require a carrier protein Moves materials through membrane channels Page 14 of 30 Which of these statements concerning the symport of glucose into cells is true? Na+/K+ pump moves Na+ into cells Extracellular concentration of Na+ is higher Intracellular concentration of glucose can be higher Na+ is actively transported into cells and glucose is carried along Page 15 of 30 Which of these are a result of mitosis? 1) Repair 2) Growth 3) Gamete production? 2 1, 2 3 1, 3 Page 16 of 30 Which of these apply to exocytosis: 1) Requires energy 2) Requires carrier proteins 3) Requires membrane channels 4) Requires vesicles 1, 2 1, 4 1, 3, 4 1, 2, 3 Page 17 of 30 Lipid-soluble molecules diffuse through the ____, small water-soluble molecules diffuse through the ___ Membrane channels, membrane channels Lipid bilayer, carrier proteins Carrier proteins, membrane channels Membrane channels, lipid bilayer Page 18 of 30 A dialysis membrane is selectively permeable, and substances that are smaller than proteins pass through it. If you wanted to use a dialysis machine to remove urea only (small molecule) from blood, what could be used for the dialysis fluid? A solution that is isotonic and contains only large molecules such as proteins A solution that is isotonic and contains the same concentration of all substances except that it has no urea Distilled water, which contains no ions or dissolved molecules Blood, which is isotonic and contains the same concentration of all substances including urea Page 19 of 30 A patient has uncontrolled type 1 diabetes. Which of the following is likely to be present? Decreased plasma osmolarity Increased plasma volume Increased blood pH Increased release of glucose from liver Page 20 of 30 Which of the following is an example of paracrine regulation? Somatostatin - growth hormone secretion Somatostatin - glucagon secretion Dopamine - prolactin secretion Norepinephrine - secretion of CRH (Corticotropin release hormone) Page 21 of 30 Which of the following cell types produce testosterone in the male? Sertoli cells Glomerulosa cells Leydig cells Thecal cells Page 22 of 30 Which of the following blastocystic cells prompts invasion of the spiral arteries to begin development of the chorionic villus? Sertoli cells Synciotrophoblast cellls Cytotrophoblast cell Glomerulosa cells Page 23 of 30 The structure in the fetus that shunts oxygenated blood from the right atrium to the left atrium is: Ductus arteriosus Ductus venosus Inferior vena cava Foramen ovale Page 24 of 30 Which part of the nephron is responsible for reabsorbing sodium and chloride ions from the filtrate? Proximal convoluted tubule Collecting duct Ascending loop of Henle Glomerulus Page 25 of 30 The normal resting cardiac muscle cell is most permeable to: Na K Ca Cl Page 26 of 30 The major source of calcium for contraction of skeletal muscle is: ECF Cytosol Mitochondria Sacroplasmic reticulum Page 27 of 30 If light reflex is present and the accommodation reflex absent, then the lesion is most likely in the: Pretectal nucleus Ganglion cells Edinger-Westphal nucleus Visual cortex Page 28 of 30 Which of the following is a heat conserving mechanism? Panting Sweating Curling up in a ball Insensible water loss Page 29 of 30 The commonest cell type in the anterior pituitary is: Somatotroph Lactotroph Corticotroph Gonadotrophs Page 30 of 30 Below is a graph showing the membrane potential of a certain muscle. What type of muscle is it? What happens at each of the numbered stages? Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle Multiple Authors | WebsiteTOTW #26 - MicrobiologyTOTW #25 - PsychiatryTOTW #24 - BiochemistryTOTW #23 - Haematology Previous Post My personal journey with mindfulness Next Post TOTW #21 - Paediatrics