Noma Noma is a severe disfiguring gangrene of the mouth and face that begins as a gingival ulcer and spreads rapidly through the tissues of the mouth and face. Synonyms include cancrum oris and fusospirochetal gangrene. The word Noma originates…
Trigeminal Neuralgia Trigeminal neuralgia (TN), also known as tic douloureux, is a chronic neurological condition characterised by sudden, severe facial pain. It is often described as a “lightning bolt” striking the face by patients. It involves the trigeminal nerve, as…
Overview Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the malignant transformation of stratified squamous epithelium in the oral cavity. It occurs between the vermillion borders of the lips and the junction of the soft and hard palates. It is the most…
Overview *Review embryology, anatomy Dental History Dental Examination Investigations in Dentistry
Hypothermia Hypothermia is defined as a core body temperature less than 36 degrees Celsius. Core body temperature can be measured in the nasopharynx, distal eosophagus, tympanic membrane and pulmonary artery. Skin is generally much cooler than core temperature. Mechanisms to…
Overview Post-operative Nausea and Vomiting is the leading cause of delayed discharge from PACU. Current recommendations is at least 2 prophylactic drugs for patients with at least 1 risk factor for PONV. Combinations should be with drugs that have different…
Overview Blood pressure represents the force exerted by the circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels. It is determined by cardiac output (CO) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR). (MAP – SVR) = HR X SVR CO = HR X…
Massive Transfusion Massive transfusion is defined as the administration of greater than 1 total blood volume (10 – 20 units of blood) in 24 hours or replacing 1/2 of the blood volume in < 1 hour *(*about 5 – 10…
Pre-Transfusion Testing Group and Screen (Type and Screen) Antigens that are not present in screened cells are unlikely to cause significant hemolytic reactions (0.2% risk of transfusion reaction if only type and screen is done). They can be safely transfused…
Overview Definition of terms Term Definition Osmosis Spontaneous movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to one of high solute concentration which tends to equalize the solute concentration on either side of the…