Nervous system

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  • Distinguish primary brain vesicles from secondary brain vesicles. What are the respective derivatives of secondary brain vesicles?
    • Primary brain vesicles: Formed when the cranial neural folds fuse and rostral neuropore closes. Includes: Prosencephalon, Mesencephalon, Rhombencephalon
    • Secondary brain vesicles: Formed when the prosencephalon and Rhombencephalon divide
      • Derivatives:
        • Telencephalon – cerebrum
        • Diencephalon – thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus
        • Metencephalon – pons and cerebellum
        • Myelencephalon – Medulla oblongata
  • State the embryological basis of spina bifida and outline its classification
    • Spina bifida happens when the neural arches fail to fuse.
      • Classification
      • Spina bifida occulta – incomplete fusion of vertebral lamina
      • Menigocele – herniation of the meninges between the vertebrae
      • Meningomyelocele – herniation of the meninges and spinal cord between the vertebrae
Jeffrey Kalei
Jeffrey Kalei
Articles: 335

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