Updated on November 11, 2024 Myelodysplastic syndromes are characterized by dysplastic and ineffective hematopoiesis – bone marrow failure**.** It is sometimes described as “pre-leukemic” since there is a risk of transformation into acute leukemia (30%). In MDS, there is varied anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. Hence there is a risk of life-threatening infection and bleeding. Patients...