Last updated:
March 25, 2026
Mastocytosis is characterised by mast cell proliferation and accumulation within various organs, most commonly the skin. It is associated with mutations in KIT (a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor for SCF)
- Classification of mastocytosis
- Cutaneous mastocytosis (CM)
- Systemic mastocytosis
- Indolent systemic mastocytosis (ISM)
- Smoldering systemic mastocytosis (SSM)
- Systemic mastocytosis with an associated hematological neoplasm (SM-AHN)+
- Aggressive systemic mastocytosis (ASM)
- Mast cell leukemia (MCL)
- Mast cell sarcoma (MCS)
Reference Intervals
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Biochemistry
| ACTH | P: <80 ng/L |
| ALT | P: 5–35 U/L |
| Albumin | P: 35–50 g/L |
| Aldosterone | P: 100–500 pmol/L |
| Alk. phosphatase | P: 30–130 U/L |
| α-Amylase | P: 0–180 IU/dL |
| α-Fetoprotein | S: <10 kU/L |
| Angiotensin II | P: 5–35 pmol/L |
| ADH | P: 0.9–4.6 pmol/L |
| AST | P: 5–35 U/L |
| Bicarbonate | P: 24–30 mmol/L |
| Bilirubin | P: 3–17 μmol/L |
| BNP | P: <50 ng/L |
| CRP | P: <10 mg/L |
| Calcitonin | P: <0.1 mcg/L |
| Calcium (ionized) | P: 1.0–1.25 mmol/L |
| Calcium (total) | P: 2.12–2.60 mmol/L |
| Chloride | P: 95–105 mmol/L |
| Cholesterol | P: <5.0 mmol/L |
| VLDL | P: 0.128–0.645 mmol/L |
| LDL | P: <2.0 mmol/L |
| HDL | P: 0.9–1.93 mmol/L |
| Cortisol AM | P: 450–700 nmol/L |
| Cortisol Midnight | P: 80–280 nmol/L |
| CK ♂ | P: 25–195 U/L |
| CK ♀ | P: 25–170 U/L |
| Creatinine | P: 70–100 μmol/L |
| Ferritin | P: 12–200 mcg/L |
| Folate | S: 2.1 mcg/L |
| FSH | P: 2–8 U/L ♂; >25 menopause |
| GGT ♂ | P: 11–51 U/L |
| GGT ♀ | P: 7–33 U/L |
| Glucose (fasting) | P: 3.5–5.5 mmol/L |
| Growth hormone | P: <20 mu/L |
| HbA1C (DCCT) | B: 4–6% |
| HbA1C (IFCC) | B: 20–42 mmol/mol |
| Iron ♂ | S: 14–31 μmol/L |
| Iron ♀ | S: 11–30 μmol/L |
| Lactate (venous) | P: 0.6–2.4 mmol/L |
| Lactate (arterial) | P: 0.6–1.8 mmol/L |
| LDH | P: 70–250 U/L |
| LH | P: 3–16 U/L |
| Magnesium | P: 0.75–1.05 mmol/L |
| Osmolality | P: 278–305 mosmol/kg |
| PTH | P: 0.8–8.5 pmol/L |
| Potassium | P: 3.5–5.3 mmol/L |
| Prolactin ♂ | P: <450 U/L |
| Prolactin ♀ | P: <600 U/L |
| PSA | P: 0–4 mcg/mL |
| Protein (total) | P: 60–80 g/L |
| Red cell folate | B: 0.36–1.44 μmol/L |
| Renin (erect) | P: 2.8–4.5 pmol/mL/h |
| Renin (recumbent) | P: 1.1–2.7 pmol/mL/h |
| Sodium | P: 135–145 mmol/L |
| TBG | P: 7–17 mg/L |
| TSH | P: 0.5–4.2 mU/L |
| T4 | P: 70–140 nmol/L |
| Free T4 | P: 9–22 pmol/L |
| TIBC | S: 54–75 μmol/L |
| Triglycerides | P: 0.50–2.3 mmol/L |
| T3 | P: 1.2–3.0 nmol/L |
| Troponin T | P: <0.1 mcg/L |
| Urate ♂ | P: 210–480 μmol/L |
| Urate ♀ | P: 150–390 μmol/L |
| Urea | P: 2.5–6.7 mmol/L |
| Vitamin B12 | S: 0.13–0.68 nmol/L |
| Vitamin D | S: 50 nmol/L |
Arterial Blood Gases
| pH | 7.35–7.45 |
| PaCO₂ | 4.7–6.0 kPa |
| PaO₂ | >10.6 kPa |
| Base excess | ±2 mmol/L |
Urine
| Cortisol (free) | <280 nmol/24h |
| Hydroxyindole acetic acid | 16–73 μmol/24h |
| Hydroxymethylmandelic acid | 16–48 μmol/24h |
| Metanephrines | 0.03–0.69 μmol/mmol cr. |
| Osmolality | 350–1000 mosmol/kg |
| 17-Oxogenic steroids ♂ | 28–30 μmol/24h |
| 17-Oxogenic steroids ♀ | 21–66 μmol/24h |
| 17-Oxosteroids ♂ | 17–76 μmol/24h |
| 17-Oxosteroids ♀ | 14–59 μmol/24h |
| Phosphate (inorganic) | 15–50 mmol/24h |
| Potassium | 14–120 mmol/24h |
| Protein | <150 mg/24h |
| Protein/creatinine ratio | <3 mg/mmol |
| Sodium | 100–250 mmol/24h |
Haematology
| WCC | 4.0–11.0 ×10⁹/L |
| RBC ♂ | 4.5–6.5 ×10¹²/L |
| RBC ♀ | 3.9–5.6 ×10¹²/L |
| Hb ♂ | 130–180 g/L |
| Hb ♀ | 115–160 g/L |
| PCV ♂ | 0.4–0.54 L/L |
| PCV ♀ | 0.37–0.47 L/L |
| MCV | 76–96 fL |
| MCH | 27–32 pg |
| MCHC | 300–360 g/L |
| RDW | 11.6–14.6% |
| Neutrophils | 2.0–7.5 ×10⁹/L (40–75%) |
| Lymphocytes | 1.0–4.5 ×10⁹/L (20–45%) |
| Eosinophils | 0.04–0.44 ×10⁹/L (1–6%) |
| Basophils | 0–0.10 ×10⁹/L (0–1%) |
| Monocytes | 0.2–0.8 ×10⁹/L (2–10%) |
| Platelets | 150–400 ×10⁹/L |
| Reticulocytes | 0.8–2.0% / 25–100 ×10⁹/L |
| Prothrombin time | 10–14 s |
| APTT | 35–45 s |
Paediatric
| Pulse Rate (bpm) | |
|---|---|
| Neonate | 140–160 |
| Infant <1yr | 120–140 |
| 1–5 years | 110–130 |
| 5–12 years | 80–120 |
| >12 years | 70–100 |
| Respiratory Rate (tachypnoea) | |
| 0–2 months | ≥60/min |
| 2–12 months | ≥50/min |
| 1–5 years | ≥40/min |
| >5 years | ≥30/min |
| Blood Pressure (mmHg) | |
| Term | 65/45 |
| 1 year | 75/50 |
| 4 years | 85/60 |
| 8 years | 95/65 |
| 10 years | 100/70 |
| Weight Formulas | |
| 3–12 months | (a + 9)/2 kg |
| 1–6 years | 2a + 8 kg |
| >6 years | (7a − 5)/2 kg |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | |
| Term newborn | 13–20 |
| 1 month | 11–18 |
| 2 months | 10–15 |
| 1–2 years | 10–13 |
| >2 years | 11–14 |
| MUAC (6 months–5 years) | |
| Obese | >17.5 cm |
| Normal | 13.5–17.4 cm |
| At risk | 12.5–13.4 cm |
| Moderate malnutrition | 11.5–12.4 cm |
| Severe malnutrition | <11.5 cm |
| Developmental Milestones | |
| Social smile | 1.5 months |
| Head control | 4 months |
| Sits unsupported | 7 months |
| Crawls | 10 months |
| Stands unsupported | 10–12 months |
| Walks | 12–13 months |
| Talks | 18 months |
| CSF WBC (/mm³) | |
| Term newborn | 0–25 |
| >2 weeks | 0–5 |
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