February 2025: Foundation

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Show reference ranges

Serum Chemistries

Test	Reference Range
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)	10–40 U/L
Albumin (adults)	3.5–5 g/dL
Albumin (young children)	3.4–4.2 g/dL
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP, adults)	30–120 IU/L
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP, children)	150–420 IU/L
Ammonia	15–45 mcg/dL
Amylase	27–131 U/L
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)	10–30 U/L
Bilirubin, direct	0.1–0.3 mg/dL
Bilirubin, total	0.3–1.2 mg/dL
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN, adults)	8–23 mg/dL
Calcium, ionized	4.6–5.1 mg/dL
Calcium, total serum	8.2–10.2 mg/dL
Carbon dioxide (venous, CO₂)	22–28 mEq/L
Chloride (Cl)	96–106 mEq/L
C-reactive protein (CRP)	0.08–3.1 mg/L
Creatinine kinase (CK)	40–150 U/L
Creatinine, serum (adults)	0.6–1.2 mg/dL
Creatinine, serum (children)	0.2–0.7 mg/dL
Creatinine clearance (CrCl)	75–125 mL/minute/1.73 m²
Ferritin	15–200 ng/mL
γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase	2–30 U/L
Glucose, serum	70–110 mg/dL
Hemoglobin A1C	4%–7%
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)	100–200 U/L
Lipase	31–186 U/L
Magnesium	1.3–2.1 mEq/L
Osmolality, serum	275–295 mOsm/kg
Phosphorus (adults)	2.3–4.7 mg/dL
Phosphorus (children)	3.7–5.6 mg/dL
Potassium	3.5–5.0 mEq/L
Prealbumin	19.5–35.8 mg/dL
Sodium	136–142 mEq/L
Uric acid, serum	4–8 mg/dL

Hematology/Coagulation

Test	Reference Range
Hematocrit (Hct, men)	42%–50%
Hematocrit (Hct, women)	36%–45%
Hemoglobin (Hgb, men)	14–18 g/dL
Hemoglobin (Hgb, women)	12–16 g/dL
International normalized ratio (INR)	0.9–1.1
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)	26–34 pg/cell
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)	33–37 g/dL
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)	80–100 fL/cell
Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)	25–40 seconds
Platelet count (Plt)	150,000–350,000 cells/mm³
Prothrombin time (PT)	10–13 seconds
Red blood cell count (RBC, men)	4.5–5.9 × 10⁶ cells/mm³
Red blood cell count (RBC, women)	4.1–5.1 × 10⁶ cells/mm³
Reticulocyte count	0.5%–1.5%
White blood cell count (WBC)	4.5–11.0 × 10³ cells/mm³

Serum Lipids

Test	Reference Range
Total cholesterol (desirable)	< 200 mg/dL
HDL cholesterol (desirable)	≥ 60 mg/dL
LDL cholesterol	< 100 mg/dL
Triglycerides (TG)	< 150 mg/dL

Blood Gases

Urinalysis

Test (qualitative)	Result
Leukocyte esterase, nitrite, etc.	Negative
pH	4.5–8.0
Specific gravity	1.010–1.025