Updated on November 12, 2024 Outline 5 general characteristics of cytokines Autocrine, paracrine and endocrine action Redundant: 2 or more cytokines mediate similar functions Synergistic: Combined effect of 2 cytokines have promotive effect Antagonist: Effect of one cytokine inhibits or offsets the effects of another Pleiotropic: One cytokine can have diverse biological activites, often on...