Overview Diabetic retinopathy is the breakdown of retinal vasculature due to persistent hyperglycemia. It usually occurs in patients with poorly controlled diabetes. All patients with a new diagnosis of T2DM…...
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Retinitis pigmentosa is an inherited retinal disorder. Visual loss usually begins in childhood. It involves the loss of photoreceptors (rods and cones) by apoptosis. Rod death precedes cone death. Night…...
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Overview Dacyrocystitis is an inflammation of the lacrimal sac usually as a result of obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct. It is the most frequent disorder affecting the lower lacrimal system…...
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Overview Dacryoadenitis is the inflammation of the lacrimal glands. It may present acutely or chronically. It may occur unilaterally or bilaterally and there are multiple causes which can be broadly…...
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High-Risk Pregnancies A high-risk pregnancy is a pregnancy in which the mother, fetus, or**, newborn is or will be at an increased risk of morbidity or mortality**, happening before, during,…...
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Overview Anaemia is a common condition affecting more than half (57%) of pregnant women in Sub-saharan Africa. It is defined as a reduction in the hemoglobin concentration of the blood…...
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Overview NYHA functional classification of heart failure (Symptoms = fatigue, palpitations, dyspnea) NYHA Class Symptoms at rest Symptoms during activity I No No II No Mild III No Severe IV…...
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Overview The goal of managing diabetes in pregnancy includes providing necessary nutrients for the mother and fetus, controlling glucose levels, and preventing starvation ketosis. Women without persistent fasting hyperglycemia (A1)…...
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Overview Pregnancy is a hypercoagulable state which increases the risk of venous thromboembolism. All clotting factors (apart from XI and XIII) are increased and stasis increases due to compression of…...
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Overview Postpartum fever is defined as a temperature > 38. 7 C in the first 24 hours postpartum or > 38 C on any two of the first 10 days…...
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