Hypothermia Hypothermia is defined as a core body temperature less than 36 degrees Celsius. Core body temperature can be measured in the nasopharynx, distal eosophagus, tympanic membrane and pulmonary artery.…...
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Overview Post-operative Nausea and Vomiting is the leading cause of delayed discharge from PACU. Current recommendations is at least 2 prophylactic drugs for patients with at least 1 risk factor…...
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Overview Blood pressure represents the force exerted by the circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels. It is determined by cardiac output (CO) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR). (MAP…...
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Massive Transfusion Massive transfusion is defined as the administration of greater than 1 total blood volume (10 – 20 units of blood) in 24 hours or replacing 1/2 of the…...
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Pre-Transfusion Testing Group and Screen (Type and Screen) Antigens that are not present in screened cells are unlikely to cause significant hemolytic reactions (0.2% risk of transfusion reaction if only…...
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Overview Definition of terms Term Definition Osmosis Spontaneous movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to one of high solute concentration which tends…...
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Overview Shock is defined as a state of global cellular and tissue hypoxia due to either reduced oxygen delivery, increased oxygen consumption, inadequate oxygen utilization, or a combination of these…...
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Overview NMBAs facilitate intubation, mechanical ventilation, and surgical relaxation. Categories of NMBAs Category Examples Depolarizing Succinylcholine Non-depolarizing Atracurium, Cisatracurium, Rocuronium, Vecuronium Agent ED 95 (mg/kg) Intubating Dose (mg/kg) Onset (min…...
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Local Anaesthetics Local anesthetics provide analgesia and anaesthesia by disrupting the conduction of impulses along nerve fibers. They block voltage-gated Na+, thus inhibiting the influx of sodium and preventing an…...
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Overview IV induction agents target GABA receptors (most common), NMDA receptors, and alpha-2 receptors to cause anaesthesia. Propofol and Barbiturates decrease the rate of dissociation of GABA from its receptors…...
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