Overview Sickle cell disease is caused by a point mutation in the beta-globin gene found in chromosome 11. It results in a substitution of glutamine to valine at position 6,…...
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Overview Meningitis is a life-threatening infection of the meninges. Acute bacterial meningitis: rapid onset of Sx, identified by routine laboratory techniques Chronic meningitis: ongoing Sx of meningitis for ≥ 4…...
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Overview Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium spp. It is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, particularly in children < 5yo in Kenya. Plasmodium falciparum…...
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Overview Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the sudden unexplained death of a child under the age of 1 year. It occurs while sleeping or while the child is assumed…...
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Bronchiolitis is an infectious, inflammatory process of the bronchioles. Primarily a disease of the very young (95% of cases occur in children < 2 years old). Always viral. Most commony…...
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Overview Condition Pathogen Laryngitis Viral Laryngotracheobronchitis Parainfluenza virus Spasmodic croup Several viruses and allergic cause Epiglottitis Haemophilus influenza Type B; Gram + bacteria Bacterial tracheitis S. aureus Foreign body obstruction…...
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Overview Rickets is an impairment of bone mineralization prior to epiphyseal closure. The most common cause of rickets is Vitamin D deficiency (does not occur naturally in foods, needs fortification/supplementation).…...
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Overview Failure to thrive is failure to grow at the expected rate given the child’s age. Historically divided into organic and non-organic (environmental) causes. Perform investigations if non-organic causes are…...
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Overview Malnutrition is defined as a lack of macronutrients (calories) OR a lack of micronutrients (Vitamins, minerals). For this discussion, we will consider undernutrition in terms of inadequate consumption of…...
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Summary of important social milestones Age Milestones 1 month old Prefers human faces, reacts to voice, establishes eye contact 2 months old Social smile 4 months old Sustained social smile,…...
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