Overview This is weakness or paralysis of the facial muscles due to pathology of the facial nerve. Course of the facial nerve Segment Description Intracranial The motor nucleus is situated in the pons and emerges through the cerebellopontine angle to…
Overview Dacyrocystitis is an inflammation of the lacrimal sac usually as a result of obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct. It is the most frequent disorder affecting the lower lacrimal system and usually occurs unilaterally. It may present acutely or chronically…
Overview Dacryoadenitis is the inflammation of the lacrimal glands. It may present acutely or chronically. It may occur unilaterally or bilaterally and there are multiple causes which can be broadly classified into: It occurs commonly in children and young adults…
Overview Anaemia is a common condition affecting more than half (57%) of pregnant women in Sub-saharan Africa. It is defined as a reduction in the hemoglobin concentration of the blood or red blood cell mass below the normal range for…
Overview Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is a heterogenous group of conditions characterised by immune-mediated destruction of peripheral nerves (cranial nerves can be involved as well). Acute paralysis and diminished tendon reflexes are a hallmark for the condition. Commonly, symptoms arise after…
Overview Hematuria can be simply defined as the presence of blood in urine which is indicative of bleeding along the urinary tract. According to the National Institutes of Health, it can be further defined as the presence of at least…
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Pelvic inflammatory disease is a subacute to chronic infectious disease that affects the upper female reproductive tract (cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries) and/or peritoneum. The most common causative organisms are C. trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, but most cases can be polymicrobial (involving…
PCOS is a genetic, hormonal, metabolic, *and *reproductive disorder. It is the most common endocrine disorder of women in reproductive age. Etiology is unknown but there is a genetic component. Endocrine/hormonal disturbances lead to a constellation of sx. Sx vary…
Endometriosis is the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the normal location, excluding adenomyosis. It is a hormonally dependent disease, and therefore commonly presents as cyclical pelvic pain. Prevents chiefly in women of reproductive age. Should be considered as…
Overview Sympathetic outflow works to favor relaxation of the bladder (reduces intravesicular pressure) and constriction of the neck and urethra (increases intraurethral pressure) favoring urinary retention. Parasympathetic outflow stimulates contraction (raises intravesicular pressure) favoring voiding. Normal bladder post-void residual is…