Leila Jelle

Leila Jelle

Laryngopharyngeal Reflux

Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) Laryngopharyngeal refulx (LPR), also known as the silent reflux (no belching or vomiting), is the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the larynx and pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx). The effect of gastric acid on the larynx…...

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Epiglottitis

Thumb sign on lateral neck X-ray

Epiglottis Epiglottitis is an acute inflammation (commonly infectious) of the supraglottic region involving the epiglottis, vallecula, arytenoids, and aryepiglottic folds. It may also be referred to as supraglottitis as it may affect supraglottic structures mostly. The most common cause is…...

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A 22-year-old with asthma

Pathophysiology of Asthma

History A 22-year-old woman diagnosed with asthma previously presents at the outpatient clinic with a 3-day history of worsening cough, wheezing, and dyspnea that was not relieved by her rescue inhaler. Q1. What are the differentials for a cough? Q2.…...

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The problem with medicine

The problem with medicine is that it remains dominated by imperialist Western interests and practices. Economic gain has been prioritized over the well-being of our population.  Our countries remain dependent on the West for medical essentials, technology, resources, and decision-making.…

A 23-year-old with right lower quadrant abdominal pain

History A 23-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with a 12-hour history of right lower quadrant (RLQ) abdominal pain. Q1. What are the differentials for RLQ abdominal pain? Q2. What are the differentials for RLQ abdominal pain in women?…...

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The Trauma Series

It’s another dull and cloudy morning in Nairobi. The sun has barely cleared the horizon, yet your day is already underway. Congratulations you’ve made it past your pre-clinical years! And for that, you have been granted a lifetime membership at…