Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune condition that is characterised by CLOTs: coagulation defects (arterial/venous), livedo reticularis, obstetric complications (recurrent miscarriage), and thrombocytopaenia (due to a thrombotic tendency). Antiphospholipid antibodies cause it.

  • Antiphospholipid antibodies
    • Lupus anticoagulant
    • Anticardiolipin antibodies
    • Anti-beta-2 glycoprotein I antibodies
  • Associated conditions
    • Livedo reticularis – purple reticular rash that gives the skin a mottled appearance
    • Livedo racemose – permanent livedo reticularis
    • Libmann-Sacks endocarditis – non-bacterial endocarditis with vegetation in the mitral and aortic valves
    • Thrombocytopaenia
  • Treatment
    • Long-term warfarin with a target INR of 2 – 3 to prevent rhombosis
    • Low molecular weight heparin and aspirin during pregnancy
  • Complications
    • Venous thromboembolism
    • Stroke
    • Myocardial infarction
    • Renal thrombosis
    • Recurrent miscarriage
    • Stillbirth
    • Pre-eclampsia
    • Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome – rapid thrombosis in multiple organs with a high-mortality rate
Dr Jeffrey Kalei
Dr Jeffrey Kalei

Author and illustrator for Hyperexcision. Interested in emergency room medicine. I have a passion for medical education and drawing.

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