Updated on November 13, 2024 Cardiovascular Pregnancy is a high-flow, low-resistance state. Plasma volume increases substantially (2.5 – 3.75 L), especially in multigravidas and women bearing multiple gestations. How does cardiac output increase during pregnancy? It increases by 30-50% Increased stroke volume (30%, predominantly earlier on in pregnancy) Increased heart rate (15-25%; 10-20bpm, predominantly in...
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