Overview Approximately 20% of labour involves dystocia. Labour abnormalities can be classified as disorders of protraction and disorders of arrest. .Remember that Labour is defined as regular contractions (every 5…...
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Induction of labour is the artificial initiation of uterine contractions leading to progressive dilation and effacement of the cervix and delivery of the fetus. It can be done when the…...
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Overview Labor is a physiological sequence of regular painful uterine contractions that results in progressive effacement and dilation of the cervix and voluntary bearing-down efforts leading to delivery (expulsion per…...
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Infectious disorders of Pregnancy Group B Strep Group B strep aka Streptococcus agalactiae is a gram positive commensal bug of the GIT and GUT tract in up to 30% of…...
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Overview 2 separate BP readings >140/90 mmHg at least 4 hours apart are needed to diagnose hypertension. Patients with hypertension should get a UA to look for proteinuria. No or…...
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Overview Antepartum hemorrhage is bleeding from late 2nd trimester to delivery (around 20-24 weeks and beyond). All causes of antepartum hemorrhage risk the complications of preterm delivery and fetal death.…...
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Overview Approximately 25% of pregnancies experience bleeding in the first trimester. Most women need to be reassured since 50% of the time the pregnancy will go on uncomplicated. Lower abdominal…...
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Overview Antepartum fetal surveillance is done after 24 weeks for high-risk pregnancies or mothers concerned about reduced fetal movements. It should not modify an otherwise normal pregnancy and should not…...
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Overview Antenatal care is the care provided by skilled healthcare professionals to pregnant women and adolescent girls in order to ensure the best health conditions or outcomes for both mom…...
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Cardiovascular Pregnancy is a high-flow, low-resistance state. Plasma volume increases substantially (2.5 – 3.75 L), especially in multigravidas and women bearing multiple gestations. Cardiovascular parameter Change Cardiac output Increases 30-50%…...
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