Category Anaesthesia

Hypothermia and Shivering

Hypothermia Hypothermia is defined as a core body temperature less than 36 degrees Celsius. Core body temperature can be measured in the nasopharynx, distal eosophagus, tympanic membrane and pulmonary artery.…...

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Transfusion Therapy

Pre-Transfusion Testing Group and Screen (Type and Screen) Antigens that are not present in screened cells are unlikely to cause significant hemolytic reactions (0.2% risk of transfusion reaction if only…...

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Shock

Overview Shock is defined as a state of global cellular and tissue hypoxia due to either reduced oxygen delivery, increased oxygen consumption, inadequate oxygen utilization, or a combination of these…...

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Neuromuscular Blocking Agents (NMBAs)

Overview NMBAs facilitate intubation, mechanical ventilation, and surgical relaxation. Categories of NMBAs Category Examples Depolarizing Succinylcholine Non-depolarizing Atracurium, Cisatracurium, Rocuronium, Vecuronium Agent ED 95 (mg/kg) Intubating Dose (mg/kg) Onset (min…...

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Local Anaesthetic Agents

Local Anaesthetics Local anesthetics provide analgesia and anaesthesia by disrupting the conduction of impulses along nerve fibers. They block voltage-gated Na+, thus inhibiting the influx of sodium and preventing an…...

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Intravenous Anaesthetic Agents

Overview IV induction agents target GABA receptors (most common), NMDA receptors, and alpha-2 receptors to cause anaesthesia. Propofol and Barbiturates decrease the rate of dissociation of GABA from its receptors…...

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