Overview Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is a disorder of the pumping or filling ability of the heart. The most common cause is coronary artery disease (Systolic) and chronic hypertension (diastolic).…...
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Antihypertensives Antihypertensives consist of vasodilators and diuretics Antihypertensives, their major side effects, and their indications Class Side effects Indications ACEi Hyperkalemia, Cough, Angioedema JNC-8, Old male, African male, CKD ARB…...
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Overview Hypertension is defined as blood pressure >140-90mmHg on 3 separate readings. The majority of patients with hypertension are asymptomatic so regular screening (q3y) is important. Hypertension has many causes…...
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Overview Lung cancer refers to tumors from respiratory epithelium, including bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. Globally, it is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer deaths among…...
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Overview Sarcoidosis is a multi-systemic inflammatory disease characterized by non-caseating granulomas. It is of unknown etiology and predominantly affects the lungs and surrounding lymph nodes. Important differential diagnoses for granulomas…...
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Overview Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined as a disease state characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow obstruction. 75% of COPD patients are long-time smokers. COPD includes emphysema…...
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Overview Asthma is an acute or sub-acute inflammation of the airways, precipitated by a variety of factors that result in bronchial hyperactivity and airway obstruction. The cause is idiopathic. Varies…...
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Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) Laryngopharyngeal refulx (LPR), also known as the silent reflux (no belching or vomiting), is the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the larynx and pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx…...
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Epiglottis Epiglottitis is an acute inflammation (commonly infectious) of the supraglottic region involving the epiglottis, vallecula, arytenoids, and aryepiglottic folds. It may also be referred to as supraglottitis as it…...
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Overview Cervical screening is one of the cornerstones of gynaecological visits. Every woman attending a clinical visit should have their records assessed to ensure they are up to date on…...
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