Category Cheat Sheets

The Cell

As regards membranous proteins, distinguish between carrier proteins, channel proteins, and pumps Carrier proteins Channels Pumps Function Binds specific molecules and changes their conformation to transport them across the cell…...

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Methods in Histology

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Plasma Cell Dyscrasias

Bone marrow biopsy showing numerous plasma cells

Overview Plasma cell disorders involve the abnormal proliferation of plasma cells. These B-cell clones synthesize and secrete a single monoclonal immunoglobulin or its fragments e.g. free light chains, and free…...

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Lymphomas

Diffuse Large B-cell lymphoma

Overview Lymphomas are tumors arising from lymphoid cells. They have a much less dramatic presentation than leukemias. They are classified into 2 major groups – Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s – based…...

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Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Howel-jolly bodies

Myelodysplastic syndromes are characterized by dysplastic and ineffective hematopoiesis – bone marrow failure**.** It is sometimes described as “pre-leukemic” since there is a risk of transformation into acute leukemia (30%).…...

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Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

Blood film showing numerous granulocytic forms, including band cells and immature myeloid cells

Overview Myeloproliferative neoplasms are abnormal proliferations of one or more terminal myeloid cell lines in the peripheral blood (RBCs, WBCs, platelets). Myeloproliferative neoplasms are poorly characterized and poorly undersood. They…...

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Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Smudge cells

CLL is characterized by a progressive accumulation of monoclonal, mature, non-functional B lymphocytes. CLL is usually discovered on routine blood tests as an isolated lymphocytosis. It is defined by a…...

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Acute Leukemia

Blast cell

Overview Acute Leukemia is an abnormal proliferation of blasts in either the peripheral myeloid or lymphoid cell lines. Acute Leukemias are of rapid onset. The blasts dramatically affect the bone…...

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Sickle Cell Disease

Overview Sickle cell disease is a hereditary, autosomal recessive disease caused by a point mutation of the beta-globin gene resulting in the absence of HbA and the production of HbS.…...

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