Overview Purines are nitrogen-containing heterocyclic bases that form part of nucleotides. They have a double-ring structure (6-membered ring fused to a 5-membered ring) Precursors for de novo purine ring synthesis Precursor Contribution Glycine C4, C5, N7 Glutamine N3, N9 Aspartate…
Tetrahydrofolate Synthesis Tetrahydrofolate (THF) is essential for purine synthesis and thymidylate (dTMP) formation, both of which are important for DNA synthesis. THF synthesis in Bacteria vs Humans Category Description Bacteria Must synthesize folate de novo Humans Cannot synthesize folate de…
Overview Hair grows in small clusters of 3-4 hairs per follicle unit. Hair grows through 3 phases. The follicle can move through this process and back again based on hormonal signalling. Normally, an individual loses about 50 – 100 hairs…
Pityriasis versicolor Pityriasis versicolor is a superficial fungal infection caused by Malassezia. It is often asymptomatic, except for the hypopigmented/hyperpigmented patches on the skin. Versicolor means “various colors”. Malassezia produces acetic acid which affects melanocyte function. Diagnosis is clinical, but…
Dermatophytosis (Tinea) Dermatophyte infections are given different names depending on the location of the infection. Diagnosis is clinical. Deep infections (involving the hair and nails) are treated with oral antifungals. Dermatophytosis Area infected Term Foot Tinea pedis (Athletes foot) Body…
Overview Fungal infections of the skin are often divided into 3: Infection Causative organism Dermatophytosis (Tinea) Dermatophytes – Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, Microsporum Candidiasis Candida spp. Pityriasis versicolor Malassezia furfur, Malassezia globosa
Pemphigus Vulgaris Pemphigus Vulgaris is a blistering skin disorder that is common in middle age (40-60 years). It has a high prevalence in the Jewish population. It is a lifelong condition. It often has mucosal involvement (>90%) and can be…
Overview Acne vulgaris (aka ‘acne’) is a very common disorder of the pilosebaceous follicles (oil glands). It results from excess production of sebum which is related to androgen (testosterone) levels. It is related with psychological distress (including depression, anxiety, and…
