Ophthalmology Comprehensive Quiz
Test your knowledge on Ophthalmology by answering the questions provided in this quiz.
1.
A 72-year-old woman presents with gradual loss of central vision and difficulty reading. On examination, the Snellen chart shows decreased visual acuity compared to her previous visit. An Amsler grid test reveals distortion in the central area. What is the most appropriate next step in diagnosis and management for this patient?
2.
What is the first line of treatment for acute dacryocystitis?
3.
A 15-year-old girl presents with difficulty seeing in low light and is frequently bumping into objects in dimly lit environments. She also has a history of hearing loss and balance problems. Her family history reveals that her father had similar symptoms. Ophthalmologic examination shows bullseye maculopathy. The ERG shows severe rod loss. Which syndrome should be considered in this patient?
4.
What is the most common cause of chalazion formation?
5.
Which of the following clinical features is most characteristic of intermediate uveitis?
6.
A patient with panuveitis is found to have a positive Mantoux test. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
7.
Which condition is characterized by inward turning of the lower eyelid?
8.
Which condition is most commonly associated with causing orbital cellulitis in children?
9.
Which of the following is a risk factor for dacryocystitis?
10.
What is the most appropriate initial treatment for a patient diagnosed with preseptal cellulitis without systemic involvement?
11.
A 45-year-old woman presents with swelling and pain in the inferomedial portion of her left eye, fever, and malaise. Examination reveals a tender, erythematous mass in the area, and pressure over the lacrimal sac causes mucopurulent discharge. Which of the following investigations is most indicated to confirm the diagnosis?
12.
A 60-year-old female presents with epiphora, pain, and swelling over the medial canthus of her right eye. Upon applying pressure to the area, there is a mucopurulent discharge. What is the most likely diagnosis?
13.
Which of the following is a differential diagnosis for chronic dacryoadenitis?
14.
What is the most common cause of acute dacryoadenitis?
15.
What is the most common congenital cause of dacryocystitis in newborns?
16.
A 5-month-old infant is brought to the clinic with jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and a history of a rash. Fundoscopy reveals numerous white, fluffy lesions in the retina. What is the most likely diagnosis and appropriate initial management for this infant?
17.
Which of the following tumors originates from the Meibomian and Zeis glands?
18.
Which of the following is the most appropriate prophylactic treatment for toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients?
19.
A patient presents with a painful red eye and photophobia. Which of the following investigations would be most appropriate to rule out an infectious cause of anterior uveitis?
20.
Which of the following is a common complication of untreated acute dacryoadenitis?
21.
What is the most likely finding in an ophthalmoscopic exam of a patient with retinitis pigmentosa?
22.
A 65-year-old woman presents with sudden onset of severe ocular pain, blurred vision, and nausea. On examination, her intraocular pressure (IOP) is found to be 55 mmHg. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment?
23.
Which of the following investigations is most appropriate for confirming the diagnosis of acute dacryoadenitis?
24.
A 50-year-old man with a history of hypertension comes for a routine eye exam. The exam reveals focal arteriolar narrowing and dot-blot hemorrhages, but he reports no vision changes. What is the most appropriate management for this patient's condition?
25.
In a patient with chronic hypertensive retinopathy, which finding is most likely to be observed in advanced stages?
26.
Which of the following is a complication of preseptal cellulitis that can be life-threatening?
27.
A patient with primary open-angle glaucoma is being treated with a prostaglandin analogue. What is the primary goal of this treatment?
28.
Which of the following is the most appropriate first step in managing a hypertensive crisis with acute retinopathy?
29.
The palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi muscle is responsible for which of the following actions?
30.
Which condition is most likely to cause tractional retinal detachment?
31.
Which treatment is most commonly used for Candida retinitis?
32.
Which of the following findings is most indicative of chronic hypertensive retinopathy?
33.
What is the most likely appearance of drusen in a patient with AMD?
34.
The treatment of choice for ectropion, if symptomatic, is:
35.
Which of the following is a classic sign of retinal detachment on indirect ophthalmoscopy?
36.
A 6-month-old infant is brought in with ocular asymmetry and proptosis. Fundoscopy reveals a dense, white, well-circumscribed mass in the left eye. CT imaging shows no extra-ocular extension. What is the most appropriate initial treatment for this infant?
37.
What is the most common presenting symptom of retinal detachment?
38.
Which risk factor is most associated with the development of age-related macular degeneration?
39.
A 55-year-old man with a history of poorly controlled hypertension presents with sudden vision changes and headache. On examination, his blood pressure is 210/120 mmHg. Ophthalmoscopy reveals cotton wool spots, flame hemorrhages, and papilledema. What is the most appropriate immediate management for this patient?
40.
Which risk factor is most likely to increase the risk of retinal detachment?
41.
A patient with orbital cellulitis is being treated with IV antibiotics. After 48 hours, there is no improvement, and the patient develops decreased vision. What is the next best step?
42.
Which treatment is recommended for severe cases of blepharitis with significant conjunctival symptoms?
43.
What is the primary prevention strategy for diabetic retinopathy?
44.
Which finding is most characteristic of acute hypertensive retinopathy compared to chronic hypertensive retinopathy?
45.
A patient with a history of sun exposure presents with an ulcerated lesion on the lower eyelid that does not heal. What is the most likely diagnosis?
46.
Which complication is most likely to occur from untreated bacterial dacryoadenitis?
47.
A 45-year-old male is evaluated for vision loss and is found to have retinitis pigmentosa. His treatment plan includes annual ophthalmologic exams and supplemental Vitamin A. His family is interested in understanding other possible interventions. Which of the following treatments is most appropriate for inclusion in his management plan?
48.
Which of the following is the most common presenting symptom of chronic dacryocystitis?
49.
Which sign or symptom is most commonly associated with non-heritable retinoblastoma?
50.
What is the most likely clinical finding in a patient with acute dacryoadenitis caused by a bacterial infection?
51.
Which of the following factors does NOT increase the risk of developing glaucoma?
52.
What is the most common presenting symptom in patients with keratoconus?
53.
A 30-year-old male presents with a 2-day history of pain, redness, and swelling over the outer aspect of his right upper eyelid. He reports excessive tearing and mild fever. On examination, there is conjunctival injection, proptosis, and a purulent discharge from the lacrimal gland area. The patient also has tender preauricular lymphadenopathy. Based on the history and examination findings, what is the most likely causative organism?
54.
Which structure divides the orbit into anterior and posterior portions, preventing infections from spreading posteriorly?
55.
A 45-year-old woman presents with a gradual decrease in vision over the past five years. She reports no pain but notices halos around lights and difficulty with night vision. Her mother had similar issues and required corneal transplantation. On examination, there are corneal guttata and stromal thickening. Based on the history and examination findings, what is the most likely diagnosis?
56.
A 60-year-old female presents with a month-long history of painless swelling of the upper eyelid and dry eyes. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
57.
A 50-year-old male presents with a painful, pus-filled mass at the base of an eyelash. What is the most likely diagnosis?
58.
Which of the following is the most appropriate first-line treatment for chronic angle-closure glaucoma?
59.
A 3-month-old infant presents with a persistent mucopurulent discharge from the eye, epiphora, and a positive regurgitation test. What is the most likely diagnosis?
60.
Which symptom is most commonly associated with AMD?
61.
Which of the following bacteria is a common cause of preseptal cellulitis but has decreased in prevalence due to vaccination?
62.
A 60-year-old male presents with a painless swelling on his upper eyelid that has persisted for weeks. The lesion does not respond to chalazion treatment. What is the most likely diagnosis?
63.
What is the most likely finding in fundoscopy of a patient with Acute Retinal Necrosis (ARN)?
64.
What is the most common initial presentation of retinoblastoma?
65.
What is the most appropriate next step for a diabetic patient presenting with new-onset visual changes?
66.
Which of the following is the most common complication of untreated acute dacryocystitis?
67.
What is the most common treatment for retinal detachment?
68.
Which of the following is a symptom of proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
69.
Which of the following is most likely to cause chronic dacryoadenitis?
70.
What is the most likely cause of retinal vein occlusion in chronic hypertensive retinopathy?
71.
Which investigation is most appropriate in a patient with chronic dacryoadenitis and suspected autoimmune etiology?
72.
A 68-year-old woman with a long history of hypertension presents with vision loss in her left eye. On examination, there is AV nicking, copper wiring, and macula star in the left eye. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?
73.
Which of the following treatments is specifically recommended for patients with advanced retinitis pigmentosa?
74.
A 72-year-old man with a history of cataracts presents with gradual loss of vision and occasional halos around lights. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
75.
A 58-year-old woman with a high cholesterol level presents with decreased contrast sensitivity and difficulty seeing faces. Ophthalmoscopy shows neovascularization and hemorrhage around the macula. What is the most appropriate treatment option for this patient?
76.
Which of the following is a common complication of proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
77.
Which of the following is the most common cause of posterior uveitis?
78.
What is a common complication of chronic hypertensive retinopathy?
79.
Which anatomical structure is most commonly involved in dacryocystitis?
80.
A 55-year-old woman with a history of myopia and recent eye trauma presents with decreased peripheral vision, floaters, and photopsia in the left eye. Visual acuity is 20/30 in the left eye. Ocular ultrasound shows a detached retina. What is the most appropriate initial management for this patient?
81.
A 4-year-old girl presents with strabismus and a recent history of worsening vision in her right eye. On examination, she has a white reflex in the right eye. Imaging shows that the tumor has extended beyond the eye into the optic nerve. What is the most appropriate management for this patient?
82.
Which visual aid is most beneficial for a patient with central vision loss due to AMD?
83.
A 60-year-old man presents with acute onset of a "curtain" over his peripheral vision in the right eye. He also reports seeing flashing lights. On examination, visual acuity is 20/40 in the right eye, and indirect ophthalmoscopy reveals a grey and cloudy area in the superior temporal quadrant of the retina. What is the most likely diagnosis and the next best step in management?
84.
Retinitis pigmentosa can manifest with which of the following conditions?
85.
Which of the following is a hallmark ophthalmoscopic finding of chronic hypertensive retinopathy?
86.
Which condition is most likely to present with “cracked mud” appearance on fundoscopy?
87.
What is the hallmark clinical sign of acute dacryoadenitis on physical examination?
88.
Which factor contributes most to the higher incidence of dacryocystitis in females?
89.
A 62-year-old female with a 15-year history of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus presents for a routine eye examination. She reports that her vision has become increasingly blurred over the past few months. On examination, there are hard exudates and retinal hemorrhages observed in the macula. What is the most appropriate next step in managing this patient’s condition?
90.
Which of the following best describes the site affected in anterior blepharitis?
91.
A 28-year-old male presents with worsening night vision over the past few years. He reports difficulty adjusting from bright to dark environments and has started experiencing peripheral vision loss. His past medical history is unremarkable. On examination, his vision is 20/30 in both eyes, but his visual field shows significant constriction. The ophthalmologic exam reveals mid-peripheral retinal hyperpigmentation and retinal arteriolar attenuation. The ERG test shows marked reduction in rod function. What is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?
92.
Which treatment is most appropriate for CMV retinitis in an HIV-positive patient?
93.
A 45-year-old male presents with gradual onset of bilateral upper eyelid swelling, ptosis, and dry eyes. Which of the following tests should be prioritized?
94.
What percentage of patients typically require additional procedures after the first attempt at retinal reattachment surgery?
95.
In a patient with anterior uveitis, which of the following drugs would be most appropriate to break down synechiae and manage pain?
96.
Which of the following conditions is a common differential diagnosis for dacryoadenitis presenting with an S-shaped swelling over the upper eyelid?
97.
Which of the following is most characteristic of acute hypertensive retinopathy?
98.
What is the most likely treatment for retinoblastoma if radiation and chemotherapy fail?
99.
A newborn is diagnosed with retinoblastoma and is found to have bilateral tumors. Genetic testing reveals a germline mutation of the RB1 gene. What is the most appropriate approach to management and follow-up for this child?
100.
What is the most likely physical exam finding in a patient with retinal detachment?
